See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• JOHN LYDGATE (c. 1370–c. 1451)

LYDGATE (c. 1370–c. 1451)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• LYDGATE, JOHN (c. 1370–c. 1451)

Lydgate, some 6 or 7 M. from See also:

• NEWMARKET

Newmarket . It is, however, with the See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury St See also:

• EDMUNDS, GEORGE FRANKLIN (1828– )

Edmunds that he is chiefly associated . Probably he was educated at the school attached to the monastery, and in his Testament he has See also:

• DRAWN

drawn a lively picture of himself as a typical See also:

• ORCHARD (O. Eng. ort-geard, later orceard; a combination apparently of Lat. hortus, garden, and " yard " or " Barth ")

orchard-robbing boy, who had scant relish for See also:

• MATINS (Fr. matins, med. Lat. matutinae, sc. possibly vigiliae, morning watches; from matutinus, " belonging to the morning ")

matins, fought, and threw creed and paternoster at the See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock . He was ordained sub-See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon in 1389, deacon in 1393, and See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest in 1397• These See also:

• DATES

dates are valuable as enabling us to See also:

• FIX, THEODORE (180o-1846)

fix approximately the date of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, which must have occurred somewhere about 1370 . Lydgate passed as a portent of learning, and, according to See also:

• BALE
• BALE, JOHN (1495-1563)

Bale, he pursued his studies not only at both the English See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities but in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . Koeppel (see Laurents de Premierfait and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Lydgates Bearbeitungen von Boccaccios De Casibus, See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, 1885) has thrown much doubt on this statement as regards Italy, but Lydgate knew France and visited See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official capacity in 1426 . Bale is also the authority for another assertion that figures in what has been aptly termed the poet's " traditional See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography," viz. that Lydgate, on completing his own See also:

• EDUCATION

education, kept school for -the sons of noblemen and gentlemen . This " traditional biography " prolongs his See also:

• LIFE

life to the See also:

• YEAR

year 1461, but it is quite improbable that he lived many years after 1446, when See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

Abbot Curteys died and John Baret, treasurer of Bury, signed an extant See also:

• RECEIPT (M.E. receite, derived through Fr. from Lat. recepta, participle of recipere, to receive)

receipt for a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension which he shared with Lydgate, and which continued to be paid till 1449 . If it be true, as See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• ALCOCK, JOHN (c. 1430–1500)
• ALCOCK, SIR RUTHERFORD (1809–1897)

Alcock of See also:

• ELY
• ELY, RICHARD THEODORE (1854— )

Ely affirms, that Lydgate wrote a poem on the loss of France and See also:

• GASCONY (Wasconia)

Gascony, it seems necessary to suppose that he lived two years longer, and thus indications point to the year 1451, or thereabouts, as the date of his See also:

• DEATH

death . Lydgate had a consuming See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for literature, and it was probably that he might indulge this See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste more fully that in 1434 he retired from the priorate of See also:

• HATFIELD

Hatfield Broadoak (or Hatfield Regis), to,which he had been appointed in See also:

• JUNE

June 1423 . After 1390—but whilst he was still a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man—he made theacquaintance of See also:

• GEOFFREY
• GEOFFREY (1158-1186)
• GEOFFREY (c. I152-1212)

Geoffrey See also:

• CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer, with whose son See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas he was on terms of considerable intimacy . This friendship appears to have decided Lydgate's career, and in his See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy-See also:

• BOOK

book and elsewhere are reverent and touching tributes to his " See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master." The passages in question do not exaggerate his obligations to the " well of English." The themes of all his more ambitious poems can be traced to Chaucerian See also:

• SOURCES

sources .

The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of See also:

• THEBES (anciently &Oat, Thebae, or in poetry sometimes Oif3a, in modern Greek Phiva, or, according to the corrected pronunciation, Thivae)
• THEBES (e 3a1)
• THEBES, ROMANCE OF

Thebes, for instance, was doubtless suggested by the " See also:

• ROMANCE

romance " which Cressida and her companions are represented as See also:

• READING

reading when interrupted by See also:

• PANDARUS

Pandarus ( See also:

• TROILUS

Troilus and Cressida, II. xii.-xvi.) . The Falls of Princes, again, is merely the See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

Monk's See also:

• TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

Tale " See also:

• WRIT (O. Eng. gewrit, writ, from writan, to write)

writ large." Lydgate is a most voluminous writer . The Falls of Princes alone comprises 7000 stanzas; and his See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic compositions reach the enormous See also:

• TOTAL

total of 150,000 lines . Cursed with such immoderate fluency Lydgate could not sustain himself at the highest level of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic excellence; and, though imbued with a sense of the essentials of See also:

• POETRY

poetry, and eager to prove himself in its various manifestations, he stinted himself of the self-discipline necessary to perfection of See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . As the result the bulk of his See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition is wholly or comparatively rough-hewn . That he was capable of better See also:

• WORK

work than is suggested by his See also:

• AVERAGE

average accomplishment is shown by two - allegorical poems—the Complaint of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

Knight and the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple of See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

Glass (once attributed to See also:

• HAWES, STEPHEN (fl. 1502-1521)
• HAWES, WILLIAM (1785–1846)

Hawes) . In these he reveals himself as a not unworthy successor of Chaucer, and the pity of it is that he should have squandered his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers in a futile See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to create an entire literature . For a couple of centuries Lydgate's reputation equalled, if it did not surpass, that of his master . This was in a sense only natural, since he was the real founder of the school of which See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen Hawes was a distinguished See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament, and which " held the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field " in English letters during the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and dreary See also:

• INTERVAL

interval between Chaucer and See also:

• SPENSER, EDMUND (c. 1552-1599)
• SPENSER, JOHN (1559-1614)

Spenser . One of the most obvious defects of this school is excessive See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to polysyIlabic terms . Lydgate is not quite so See also:

• GREAT

great a sinner in this respect as are some of his successors, but his tendency cannot be mistaken, and John Metham is amply justified in his censure Eke John Lydgate, sometime monk of Bury, His books indited with terms of See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric And See also:

• HALF

half-changed Latin, with conceits of poetry . Pedantry was an inevitable effect of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance .

See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French literature passed through the same phase, from which indeed it was later in emerging; and the ultimate consequence was the enrichment of both See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages . It must be conceded as no small merit in Lydgate that, in an See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of experiment he should have succeeded so often in hitting the right word . Thomas See also:

• WARTON, JOSEPH (1722-1800)
• WARTON, THOMAS (1728-1790)
• WARTON, THOMAS (c. 1688-1745)

Warton remarks on his lucidity . Since his writings are read more easily than Chaucer's, the inference is See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain—that he was more effectual as a maker of our See also:

• PRESENT

present English . In spite of that, Lydgate is characteristically See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval—medieval in his prolixity, his platitude, his want of See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment and his want of taste; medieval also in his See also:

• PESSIMISM (from Lat. pessimus, worst)

pessimism, his Mariolatry and his horror of death . These attributes jarred on the sensitive See also:

• RITSON, JOSEPH (r7.52-1803)

Ritson, who racked his brains for contumelious epithets such as " stupid and disgusting," " See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

cart-loads of rubbish," &c.; and during the greater See also:

• PART

part of the 18th and loth centuries Lydgate's reputation was at its lowest ebb . See also:

• RECENT

Recent See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism has been far more impartial, and almost too much respect has been paid to his attainments, especially in the See also:

• MATTER

matter of See also:

• METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre, though Lydgate himself, with offensive lightheartedness, admits his poor craftsmanship . Lydgate's most doughty and learned apologist is Dr Schick, whose See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to the Temple of Glass embodies practically all that is known or conjectured concerning this author, including the See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of his See also:

• WORKS

works . With the exception of the Damage and Destruction in Realms—an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar, his See also:

• WARS

wars and his death—they are all in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse and extremely multifarious—narrative, devotional hagiological, philosophical and scientific, allegorical and moral, See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical, satirical and occasional . The Troy-book, under-taken at the command of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry V., then See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, dates from 1412-1420; the Story of Thebes from 142o–1422; and the Falls of Princes towards 143o . His latest work was Secreta Secretorum or Secrets of Old Philosophers, rhymed extracts from a pseudo-Aristotelian See also:

• TREATISE

treatise . Lydgate certainly possessed extraordinary versatility, which_ enanied him to turn from elaborate epics to quite popular poems like the Mumming at See also:

• HERTFORD
• HERTFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Hertford, A Ditty of See also:

• WOMEN

Women's Horns and See also:

• LONDON

London Lick See also:

• PENNY (Mid. Eng. peni or peny, from O. Eng. form penig, earlier penning and pending; the word appears in Ger. Pfennig and Du. penning; it has been connected with Du. pand, Ger. Pfand, and Eng. " pawn,". the word meaning a little pledge or token, or with G
• PENNY, GIANFRANCESCO (1488–1528)

penny .

The See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour of this last is especially See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright and effective, but, unluckily for the author, the piece is believed to have been retouched by some other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . The longer efforts partake of the nature of See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations from sundry medieval compilations like those of Guido di See also:

• COLONNA
• COLONNA, GIOVANNI PAOLO (circa 1637—1695)
• COLONNA, VITTORIA (1490-1547)

Colonna and See also:

• BOCCACCIO, GIOVANNI (1313-1375)

Boccaccio, which are in Latin . See publications of the Early English See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

Text Society, especially the Temple of Glass, edited by Dr Schick; Koeppel's Lydgate's Story of Thebes, eine Quellenuntersuchung (Munich, 1884), and the same See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar's Laurents de Premierfait and John Lydgates Bearbeitungen von Boccaccios De Casibus Illustrium Virorum (Munich, 1885); Warton's See also:

• HISTORY

History of English Poetry; Ritson's Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica; See also:

• FURNIVALL, FREDERICK JAMES (1825-1910)

Furnivall's See also:

• POLITICAL

Political Poems (E . E . T . S.) ; and See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee's See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the Dict . Nat . Biog . (F . J .