See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

BARON See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN SINGLETON See also:

• COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON (1737—1815)

COPLEY See also:

• BARON JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY LYNDHURST (1772–1863)

LYNDHURST (1772–1863)  , See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, in 1772 . He was the son of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Singleton See also:

• COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON (1737—1815)

Copley, the painter . He was educated at a private school and See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge university, where he was second wrangler and See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of Trinity . Called to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar at See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln's See also:

• INN

Inn in 1804, he gained a consider-able practice . In 1817 he was one of the counsel for Dr J . See also:

• WATSON, RICHARD (1737-1816)
• WATSON, THOMAS (c. 1557–1592)
• WATSON, WILLIAM (1858- )
• WATSON, WILLIAM (c. 1559-1603)

Watson, tried for his See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

• SPA

Spa See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields See also:

• RIOT (0. Fr. riote, of uncertain etymology)

riot . On this occasion Copley so distinguished himself as to attract the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of Castlereagh and other Tory leaders, under whose See also:

• PATRON

patron-See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he entered See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as member for See also:

• YARMOUTH
• YARMOUTH (GREAT YARMOUTH)

Yarmouth in the Isle of See also:

• WIGHT, ISLE OF

Wight . He afterwards sat for See also:

• ASHBURTON
• ASHBURTON, ALEXANDER BARING
• ASHBURTON, JOHN DUNNING, 1ST

Ashburton, 1818–1826, and for Cambridge university 1826–1827 . He was See also:

• SOLICITOR

solicitor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in 1819, See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney-general in 1824, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the rolls in 1826 and lord chancellor in 1827, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Lord See also:

• LYNDHURST, JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY, BARON (1772–1863)

Lyndhurst . Before being taken up by the Tories, Copley was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of the most advanced views, a republican and Jacobin; and his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the Tories excited a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of comment, which he See also:

• BORE

bore with the greatest good See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour . He gave a brilliant and eloquent but by no means rancorous support to all the reactionary See also:

• MEASURES

measures of his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief . The same See also:

• YEAR

year that he became They have been corrected and somewhat modified by Dr .

J . E . See also:

• CUTLER, MANASSEH (1742-1823)

Cutler, from whose See also:

• BOOK

book the figures above have been taken . Lynching as used in this connexion applies exclusively to the illegal infliction of See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment . 2 For See also:

• PRESENT

present purposes the former slave states (of 186o) constitute the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South; the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West is composed of the territory west of the See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi See also:

• RIVER

river, excluding See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri, See also:

• ARKANSAS

Arkansas, See also:

• LOUISIANA

Louisiana, See also:

• TEXAS

Texas and See also:

• OKLAHOMA (a Choctaw Indian word meaning " red people ")

Oklahoma; the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East includes those states east of the Mississippi river not included in the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern See also:

• GROUP

group; the East and the West make up the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North as here used—that is, the former See also:

• FREE

free states of 186o.solicitor-general he married the beautiful and See also:

• CLEVER

clever widow of Lieut.-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas of the See also:

• COLDSTREAM

Coldstream See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards, and began to take a conspicuous See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in society, in which his See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble figure, his ready wit and his never-failing bonhomie made him a distinguished favourite . As solicitor-general he took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the trial of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• CAROLINE
• CAROLINE (1683-1737)

Caroline . To the See also:

• GREAT

great Liberal measures which marked the end of the reign of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV. and the beginning of that of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William IV. he gave a vigorous opposition . He was lord chief See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron of the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer from 1831 to 1834 . During the See also:

• MELBOURNE
• MELBOURNE, WILLIAM LAMB, 2ND VISCOUNT (1779-1848)

Melbourne See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration from 1835 to 1841 he figured conspicuously as an obstructionist in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords . In these years it was a frequent practice with him, before each See also:

• PROROGATION

prorogation of parliament, to entertain the House with a " See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

review of the session," in which he mercilessly attacked the Whig See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . His former adversary Lord See also:

• BROUGHAM
• BROUGHAM, JOHN (1814-188o)

Brougham, disgusted at his treatment by the Whig leaders, soon became his most powerful ally in opposition; and the two dominated the House of Lords . Throughout all the Tory governments from 1827 Lyndhurst held the chancellorship (1827–1830 and 1834–1835); and in the See also:

• PEEL
• PEEL, ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL, 1ST VISCOUNT (1829- )
• PEEL, SIR ROBERT, BART

Peel administration (1841–1846) he resumed that See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for the last See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time .

As Peel never had much confidence in Lyndhurst, the latter did not exert so great an See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet as his position and experience entitled him to do . But he continued a loyal member of the party . As in regard to See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic emancipation, so in the agitation against the See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn See also:

• LAWS

laws, he opposed reform till his chief gave the See also:

• SIGNAL

signal for concession, and then he cheerfully obeyed . After 1846 and the disintegration of the Tory party consequent on Peel's See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption of free See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, Lord Lyndhurst was not so assiduous in his attendance in parliament . Yet he continued to an extreme old age to take a lively See also:

• INTEREST

interest in public affairs, and occasionally to astonish the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country by the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and brilliancy of his speeches . That which he made in the House of Lords on the 19th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1854, on the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, made a sensation in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe; and throughout the See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean War he was a strong See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the energetic See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution of hostilities . In 1859 he denounced with his old See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy the restless ambition of See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon III . When released from office he came forward somewhat as the advocate of liberal measures . His first wife had died in 1834, and in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1837 he had married Georgina, daughter of See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold-See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

smith . She was a Jewess; and it was therefore natural that he strenuously supported the See also:

• ADMISSION

admission of See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews into parliament . He also advocated See also:

• WOMEN

women's rights in questions of See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce . At the age of eighty-four he passed the autumn at See also:

• DIEPPE

Dieppe, " helping to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper kites, and amusing himself by turns with the writings of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and Latin fathers on divorce and the amorous novels of See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene See also:

• SUE, EUGENE [JosEPH MARIE] (1804—1857)

Sue." His last speech, marked by " his wonted brilliancy and vigour," was delivered in the House of Lords at the age of eighty-nine .

He died in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 12th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1863 . He See also:

• LEFT

left no male issue and the title became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . See Lives of the Lord Chancellors of England, vol. viii . (Lords Lyndhurst and Brougham), by Lord See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell (1869) . Campbell was a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal friend, but a See also:

• POLITICAL

political opponent . Brougham's See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs; Greville Memoirs; See also:

• LIFE

Life of Lord Lyndhurst (1883) by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin; J . B . Atlay, The Victorian Chancellors (1906) .