See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

DENIS See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

FLORENCE See also:

• DENIS FLORENCE MACCARTHY (1817-1882)

MACCARTHY (1817-1882)  , Irish poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin on the 26th of May 1817, and educated there and at See also:

• MAYNOOTH

Maynooth . His earlier verses appeared in The Dublin Satirist, and in 1843 he became a See also:

• REGULAR

regular contributor of See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse to the recently founded Nation . He also took an active See also:

• PART

part in the Irish political associations . In 1846 he edited The Poets and Dramatists of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland and the See also:

• BOOK

Book of Irish See also:

• BALLADS

Ballads . His collected Ballads, Poems and Lyrics (185o), including See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations from nearly all the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, took immensely with his countrymen on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of their patriotic See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring . This was followed by The Bellfounder (1857), Under-glimpses and other poems (1857) and The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early See also:

• LIFE

Life of See also:

• SHELLEY, MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1797-1851)
• SHELLEY, PERCY BYSSHE (1792-1822)

Shelley (1871) . In 1853 he began a number of translations from the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish of See also:

• CALDERON, RODRIGO (d. 1621), COUNT OF OLIVA AND MARQUES DE LAS SIETE IGLESIAS

Calderon's dramas, which won for him a See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal from the Royal Spanish See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy . He had already been granted a See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension for his See also:

• LITERARY

literary services . He died in Ireland on the 7th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1882 . M'CARTHY, See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

JUSTIN (183o- ), Irish politician, historian and novelist, was born in See also:

• CORK
• CORK (perhaps through Sp. corcha from Lat. cortex, bark, but possibly connected with quercus, oak)
• CORK, RICHARD BOYLE

Cork on the 22nd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 183o, and was educated at a school in that See also:

• TOWN

town . He began his career as a journalist, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen, in Cork . From 1853 to 1859 he was in See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool, on the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of the See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern Daily Times, during which See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he married (in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1855) See also:

• MISS

Miss See also:

• CHARLOTTE

Charlotte See also:

• ALLMAN, GEORGE JAMES (1812-1898)

Allman .

In 186o he removed to See also:

• LONDON

London, as See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary reporter to the See also:

• MORNING

Morning See also:

• STAR

Star, of which he became editor in 1864 . He gave up his See also:

• POST

post in 1868, and, after a lecturing tour in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, joined the staff of the Daily See also:

• NEWS

News as See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader-writer in 1870 . In this capacity he became one of the most useful and respected upholders of the Liberal politics of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . He lectured again in See also:

• AMERICA

America in 1870-1871, and again in 1886-1887 . He represented Co . See also:

• LONGFORD

Longford in See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament as a Liberal and See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

Home Ruler from 1879 to 1885; See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Longford, 1885-1886; See also:

• LONDONDERRY
• LONDONDERRY, CHARLES WILLIAM STEWART (VANE), 3RD MARQUESS
• LONDONDERRY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• LONDONDERRY, or DERRY
• LONDONDERRY, ROBERT STEWART, 2ND MARQUESS OF (1769-1822)

Londonderry, 1886-1892; and North Longford from 1892 to 1900 . He was chairman of the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

Anti-Parnellites from the fall of C . S . See also:

• PARNELL, CHARLES STEWART (1846-1891)
• PARNELL, THOMAS (1679-1718)

Parnell in 1890 until See also:

• JANUARY

January 1896; but his Nationalism was of a temperate and orderly See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, and though his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal distinction singled him out for the chairmanship during the party dissensions of this period, he was in no active sense the political leader . His real See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent was towards literature . His earliest publications were novels, some of which, such as A See also:

• FAIR

Fair Saxon (1873), Dear See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Disdain (1875), Miss Misanthrope (1878), Donna Quixote (1879), attained considerable popularity . His most important See also:

• WORK

work is his See also:

• HISTORY

History of Our Own Times (vols. i.-iv., 1899-188o; vol. v., 1897),which treats of the period between See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession and her See also:

• DIAMOND

diamond See also:

• JUBILEE (or JUBILE), YEAR OF

jubilee .

Easily and delightfully written, and on the whole eminently sane and moderate, these volumes See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a brilliant piece of narrative from a Liberal standpoint . He also began a History of the Four Georges (1884-1901), of which the latter See also:

• HALF

half was written by his son, Justin See also:

• HUNTLY
• HUNTLY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Huntly M'Carthy (b . 1860), himself the author of various See also:

• CLEVER

clever novels, plays, poetical pieces and See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short histories . Justin M'Carthy, amongst other See also:

• WORKS

works, wrote See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• PEEL
• PEEL, ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL, 1ST VISCOUNT (1829- )
• PEEL, SIR ROBERT, BART

Peel (1891), See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo XIII . (1896) and W . E . See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

Gladstone (1898); Modern See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (1898); The Reign of Queen See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne (1902) and Reminiscences (2 vols., 1899) . McCHEYNE, ROBERT See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

MURRAY (1813-1843), Scottish divine, was born at See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh on the 21st of May 1813, was educated at the University and at the Divinity See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall of his native See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and held pastorates at See also:

• LARBERT

Larbert, near See also:

• FALKIRK

Falkirk, and See also:

• DUNDEE
• DUNDEE, JOHN GRAHAM OF CLAVERHOUSE, VISCOUNT (c. 1649-1689)

Dundee . A See also:

• MISSION

mission of inquiry among the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews throughout See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine, and a religious revival at his See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church in Dundee, made him feel that he was being called to evangelistic rather than to See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral work, but before he could carry out his plans he died, on the 25th of March 1843 . McCheyne, though wielding remark-able See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in his lifetime, was still more powerful afterwards, through his See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs and Remains, edited by See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• BONAR, HORATIUS (1808-1889)

Bonar, which ran into far over a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• EDITIONS

editions . Some of his See also:

• HYMNS

hymns, e.g . " When this passing See also:

• WORLD

world is done," are well known .

See his Life, by J . C . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith (1910) . McCLELLAN, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

GEORGE See also:

• BRINTON, DANIEL GARRISON (1837-1899)

BRINTON (1826-1885), See also:

• AMERICAN

American soldier, was born in See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia on the 3rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1826 . After passing two years (1840-1842) in the university of See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, he entered the United States military academy, from which he graduated with high honours in See also:

• JULY

July 1846 . Sent as a See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers to the Mexican See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, he took part in the battles under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott, and by his gallantry won the brevets of first-lieutenant at Contreras-Churubusco and See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain at Chapultepec; he was afterwards detailed as assistant-instructor at See also:

• NEST

Nest Point, and employed in explorations in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West and in See also:

• OREGON

Oregon . Promoted in 1855 captain of See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry, he served on a military See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission sent to Europe to study See also:

• EUROPEAN

European armies and especially the war in the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea . On his return he furnished an able and interesting See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report, republished (1861) under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Armies of Europe . In 1856 he designed a See also:

• SADDLE (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Sattel, Dut. zadel, also in Russ. siedlo and Lat. sella, for sedla; it is not derived directly from Lat. sedile, which means a chair, but all the words are to be referred to the root sad-, which gives

saddle, which was afterwards well known as the McClellan . Resigning his commission in 18J7, McClellan became successively See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief engineer and See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• ILLINOIS

Illinois Central railroad (1857-186o), general See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of the See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi & See also:

• OHIO

Ohio railroad, and, a little later, president of the eastern See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the same, with his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in See also:

• CINCINNATI

Cincinnati . When the Civil War See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out he was, in April 1861, made See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-general of three months' See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia by the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Ohio; but General Scott's favour at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington promoted him rapidly (May 14) to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of major-general, U.S.A., in command of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the Ohio . Pursuant to orders, on the 26th of May, McClellan sent a small force across the Ohio See also:

• RIVER

river to See also:

• PHILIPPI (Turk. Filibejik)

Philippi, dispersed the Confederates there early in See also:

• JUNE

June, and immensely aided the Unioncause in that region by rapid and brilliant military successes, gained in the short space of eight days .

These operations, though comparatively trivial as the Civil War See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed, brought See also:

• GREAT

great results, in permanently dividing old See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia by the creation of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of West Virginia, and in presenting the first See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp, short and wholly successful See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of the war . Soon after the first See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull Run disaster he was summoned to Washington, and the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union hailed him as chieftain and preserver . Only See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-four years old, and with military fame and promotion premature and quite in excess of See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive experience, he reached the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• LATE

late in July and assumed command there . At first all was deference and compliance with his wishes . In November Scott retired that the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young general might See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control the operations of the whole Union See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . McClellan proved himself extra-ordinarily able as an organizer and trainer of soldiers . During the autumn, See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter and See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring he created the famous Army of the See also:

• POTOMAC

Potomac, which in victory and defeat retained to the end the impress of McClellan's work . But he soon showed petulance towards the civil authorities, from whom he came to differ concerning the political ends in view; and he now found severe critics, who doubted his capacity for directing an offensive war; but the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government yielded to his plans for an oblique, instead of a See also:

• DIRECT

direct, See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement upon See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond and the opposing army . At the .moment of starting he was relieved as general-inchief . By the 5th of April a great army was safely transported to Fortress See also:

• MONROE
• MONROE, JAMES (1758-1831)

Monroe, and other troops were sent later, though a large force was (much against his will) retained to See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover Washington . McClellan laid slow See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege to See also:

• YORKTOWN

Yorktown, not breaking the thin See also:

• LINE

line first opposed to him, but giving See also:

• JOHNSTON, ALBERT SIDNEY (1803–1862)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER (1849-1888)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH (1804-1871)
• JOHNSTON, ARTHUR (1587-1641)
• JOHNSTON, J
• JOHNSTON, JOSEPH EGGLESTON (1807-1891)
• JOHNSTON, SIR HENRY HAMILTON (1858- )

Johnston full time to reinforce and then evacuate the position . McClellan followed up the Confederate rearguard and approached Richmond, using See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House on the Pamunkey as a See also:

• BASE

base of supplies; this entailed a See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of his forces on either See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• CHICKAHOMINY

Chickahominy .

At Fair Oaks (Seven Pines) was fought on the 31st of May a bloody See also:

• BATTLE

battle, ending the following See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day in a Confederate repulse . Johnston being severely wounded, See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee came to command on the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . After a pause in the operations McClellan See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt himself ready to attack at the moment when Lee, leaving a See also:

• BARE

bare handful of men in the Richmond lines, despatched two-thirds of his entire force to the north of the Chickahominy to strike McClellan's isolated right wing . McClellan himself made little progress, and the troops beyond the Chickahominy were defeated after a strenuous See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence; whereupon McClellan planned, and during the celebrated Seven Days' Battle triumphantly executed, a See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of base to the See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James river . But the result was strategically a failure, and General See also:

• HALLECK
• HALLECK, HENRY WAGER (1815-1872)

Halleck, who was now general-in-chief, ordered the army to reinforce General Pope in central Virginia . The See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order was obeyed reluctantly . Pope's disastrous defeats brought McClellan a new opportunity to retrieve his fame . Again in command of the Army of the Potomac, he was sent with all available forces to oppose Lee, who had crossed the Potomac into See also:

• MARYLAND

Maryland early in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September . McClellan advanced slowly and carefully, reorganizing his army as he went . The battle of South See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain placed him in a position to attack Lee, and a few days later was fought the great battle of See also:

• ANTIETAM

Antietam, in which Lee was worsted . But the See also:

• CON

Con-federates safely recrossed the Potomac, and McClellan showed his former faults in a tardy pursuit . On the See also:

• EVE

eve of an aggressive movement, which he was at last about to make, he was superseded by See also:

• BURNSIDE, AMBROSE EVERETT (1824-1881)

Burnside (Nov .

7) . McClellan was never again ordered to active command, and the political elements opposed to the general policy of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln's See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose him as presidential See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate in 1864, on a See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform which denounced the war as a failure and proposed negotiating with the South for See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace . McClellan, while accepting his candidacy, repudiated the platform, like a soldier and patriot . At the polls on the 8th of November Lincoln was triumphantly re-elected president . McClellan had previously resigned his commission in the army, and soon afterwards went to Europe, where he remained until 1868 . Upon his return he took up his residence in New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York City, where (1868-1869) he was engaged in superintending the construction of an experimental floating See also:

• BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery . In 1870-1872 he was engineer-in-chief of the city's department of docks . With See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange, N.J., as his next See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal residence, he became governor of New See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey (1878-1881) . During his See also:

• TERM

term he effected great reforms in the administration of the state and in the militia . He was offered, but declined, a second nomination . During his last years he made several See also:

• TOURS

tours of Europe, visited the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, and wrote much for the magazines . He also prepared monographs upon the Civil War, defending his own See also:

• ACTION

action .

He died suddenly of See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart-disease on the 29th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1885 at Orange . McClellan was a clear and able writer and effective See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker; and his Own See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story, edited by a friend and published soon after his See also:

• DEATH

death, discloses an See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, sensitive to reproach, and conscientious, even morbidly so; in his patriotism . He carried himself well in civil life and was of irreproachable private conduct . During the Civil War, however, he was promoted too early and rapidly for his own See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good, and the strong personal See also:

• MAGNETISM
• MAGNETISM, TERRESTRIAL

magnetism he inspired while so young developed qualities injurious to a full measure of success and usefulness, despite his great opportunities . The reasons for his final displacement in 1862 were both civil and military, and the president had been forbearing with him . As a soldier he possessed to an extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary degree the enthusiastic See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection of his men . With the army that he had created the See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere rumour of his presence was often a See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur to the greatest exertions . That he was slow, and perhaps too See also:

• TENDER

tender-hearted, in handling armed masses for action may be admitted, and though admirable for defensive war and a safe strategist, he showed himself unfitted to take the highly essential initiative, both because of temperament and his habitual exaggeration of obstacles and opposing See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers . But he met and checked the armies of the Confederacy when they were at their best and strongest, and his work laid the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of ultimate success . His son, GEORGE BRINTON MCCLELLAN (b . 1865), graduated in 1886 at See also:

• PRINCETON

Princeton (from which he received the degree of LL.D. in 1905), and became a newspaper reporter and editor in New York City . He identified himself with the Tammany Hall organization, and in 1889-1892 was treasurer of the New York and See also:

• BROOKLYN

Brooklyn See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge under the city government .

In 1892 he was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, and was elected to the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of aldermen, of which he was president in 1893 and 1894 . In 1895-1903 he was a Democratic representative in See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress; in 1903 he was elected See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of New York City on the Tammany See also:

• TICKET (O. Fr. esliquet, also estiquette, mod. etiquette, from Ger. sleeken, to stick up)

ticket, defeating mayor See also:

• SETH
• SETH (Egyptian Set, Sth~~~{{{or Sts)
• SETH (I* according to Dillmann, " setting " or " slip "; Septuagint, Philo and New Testament, fie, but r Chron. i. 1 Ells in A ; Josephus, EfjOor, Vulg. Seth)

Seth See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low, the "See also:

• FUSION

Fusion" candidate; and in 1905 he was re-elected for a four-See also:

• YEAR

year term, defeating See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William M . Ivins (Republican) and William R . Hearst (See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence See also:

• LEAGUE

League) . He published The See also:

• OLIGARCHY (Gr. oXiyot, few, apxil, rule)

Oligarchy of See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice (1904) . Besides the report mentioned above, General McClellan 'wrote a See also:

• BAYONET

Bayonet Exercise (1852) ; Report on Pacific Railroad Surveys (1854) ; Report on the Organizalion,.&c., of the Army of the Potomac (1864), a government publication which he himself republished with the addition of a memoir of the West Virginian campaign . He also wrote a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of articles on the Russo-See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish War for The North American See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review . See memoir prefaced to McClellan's Own Story, and Michie, General McClellan (" Great Commanders " series) .