See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES See also:

• JAMES MACCULLAGH (1809-1847)

MACCULLAGH (1809-1847)  , Irish mathematician and physicist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1809, near See also:

• STRABANE

Strabane, See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . After a brilliant career at Trinity See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, he was elected See also:

• FELLOW

fellow in 1832 . From 1832 to 1843 he held the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics; and during his See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of this See also:

• POST

post he improved in a most marked manner the position of his university as a mathematical centre . In 1843 he was transferred to the chair of natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . Overwork, mainly on subjects beyond the natural range of his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, induced See also:

• MENTAL

mental disease; and he died by his own See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1847 . His See also:

• WORKS

Works were published in 1880 . Their distinguishing feature is the See also:

• GEOMETRY

geometry—which has rarely been applied either to pure space problems or to known See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical questions such as the rotation of a rigid solid or the properties of See also:

• FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN JEAN (1788-1827)

Fresnel's See also:

• WAVE

wave-See also:

• SURFACE

surface with such singular elegance; in this respect his See also:

• WORK

work takes See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank with that of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• POINSOT, LOUIS (1777–1859)

Poinsot . One specially remarkable geometrical See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery,of See also:

• MACCULLAGH, JAMES (1809-1847)

MacCullagh's is that of the "modular See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation of surfaces of the second degree "; and a noteworthy contribution to physical See also:

• OPTICS

optics is his " theorem of the polar See also:

• PLANE

plane." But his methods, which, in less known subjects, were almost entirely tentative, were altogether inadequate to the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the more profound physical problems to,which his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was mainly devoted, such as the theory of See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• REFRACTION
• REFRACTION (Lat. refringere, to break open or apart)

refraction, &c . See G . G . See also:

• STOKES, SIR G
• STOKES, SIR GEORGE GABRIEL, BART
• STOKES, WHITLEY (1830-1909)

Stokes's " See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report on Double Refraction " (B . A .

Report, 1862) .