See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

MACHINE (through Fr. from See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form machina of Gr. µnxavil)  , any See also:

• DEVICE

device or apparatus for the application or modification of force to a specific purpose . The See also:

• TERM

term " See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine " is applied to the six so-called See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers—the See also:

• LEVER (through O. Fr. leveour, levere, mod. levier, from Lat. levare, to lift, raise)
• LEVER, CHARLES JAMES (1806-1872)

lever, See also:

• WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li

wedge, See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

wheel and See also:

• AXLE (in Mid. Eng. axel-tre, from O. Norweg. oxull-tre, cognate with the O. Eng. exe or eaxe, and connected with Sansk. dksha, Gr. a wv, and Lat. axis)

axle, See also:

• PULLEY

pulley, See also:

• SCREW (O.E. scrue, from O. Fr. escroue, mod. ecrou; ultimate origin uncertain; the word, or a similar one, appears in Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Schraube, Dan. skrue, but Skeat, following Diaz, finds the origin in Lat. scrobs, a ditch, hole, particularl

screw, and inclined See also:

• PLANE

plane . For machine-tools see TooLs . The word machine was formerly applied to vehicles, such as See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage-coaches, &c., and is still applied to carriages in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland; a survival of this use is in the term " bathing machine." Figuratively, the word is used of persons whose actions seem to be regulated according to a rigid and unchanging See also:

• SYSTEM

system . In politics, especially in See also:

• AMERICA

America, machine is synonymous with party organization . A stage device of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama gave rise to the proverbial expression, " the See also:

• GOD

god from the machine," See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• DEUS
• DEUS, JOAO DE (1830-1896)

deus ex machina, for the disentangling and conclusion of a See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot by supernatural interference or by some See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident extraneous to the natural development of the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story . When a god had to be brought on the stage he was floated down from above by a 'yEpavos (See also:

• CRANE (in Dutch, Kraan; O. Ger. Kraen; cognate, as also the Lat. grus, and consequently the Fr. grue and Span. grulla, with the Gr. dpavos)
• CRANE, STEPHEN (1870-1900)
• CRANE, WALTER (1845– )
• CRANE, WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )

crane) or other machine (iz, xavi1) . See also:

• EURIPIDES (48o–4o6 B.C.)

Euripides has been reproached with an excessive use of the device, but it has been pointed out (A.E . Haigh, Tragic Drama of the Greeks, p . 245 seq.) that only in two plays (See also:

• ORESTES

Orestes and See also:

• HIPPOLYTUS
• HIPPOLYTUS, THE CANONS OF

Hippolytus) is the god brought on for the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the plot . In the others the god comes to deliver a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• EPILOGUE

epilogue, describing the future story of the characters, or to introduce some See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of a See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend, institution, &c . MACHINE-See also:

• GUN

GUN, a weapon designed to deliver a large number of bullets or small shells, either by volleys 1 or in very See also:

• QUICK

quick 1 The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French term mitrailleuse, made famous by the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 187o, reappears in other Latin See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues (e.g .

See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish ametralladora) . It signifies a weapon which delivers a shower of small projectiles mstraille—See also:

• GRAPE

grape or See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case shot), and has no See also:

• SPECIAL

special reference to its mechanical (See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand or automatic) See also:

• ACTION

action . See also:

• MACHICOLATION (from Fr. machicoulis)

MACHICOLATION- bold and plausible adventurer, aided by the profligacy, of a See also:

• PARASITE (From Gr. irapa, beside, Tiros food)

parasite, the avarice and See also:

• HYPOCRISY

hypocrisy of a See also:

• CONFESSOR

confessor, and a See also:

• MOTHER

mother's complaisant familiarity with See also:

• VICE

vice, achieves the See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of making a gulled See also:

• HUSBAND

husband bring his own unwilling but too yielding wife to shame . The whole See also:

• COMEDY

comedy is a study of stupidity and baseness acted on by roguery . About the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power with which this picture of domestic immorality is presented there can be no question . But the perusal of the piece obliges us to ask ourselves whether the author's See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical conception of human nature was not false . The same suspicion is forced upon us by the Principe . Did not See also:

• MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLO (1469-1527)

Machiavelli leave See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit, as an essential ingredient of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, out of account ? Men are not such See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

• FOOLS, FEAST OF (Lat. festum stultorum, fatuorum, follorum, Fr. fete des fous)

fools as Nicia, nor such compliant catspaws as Ligurio and Timoteo; See also:

• WOMEN

women are not such weak See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments as Sostrata and Lucrezia . Somewhere, in actual See also:

• LIFE

life, the stress of See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft and courage acting on the springs of human vice and weakness fails, unless the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of the comedy or tragedy, Callimaco or Cesare, allows for the revolt of healthier instincts . Machiavelli does not seem to have calculated the force of this recoil . He speculates a See also:

• WORLD

world in which virtil, unscrupulous strength of character, shall See also:

• DEAL

deal successfully with frailty .

This, we submit, was a deep-seated See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error in his theory of life, an error to which may be ascribed the numerous stumbling-blocks and rocks of offence in his more serious writings . Some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time after the Mandragola, he composed a second comedy, entitled Clizia, which is even homelier and closer to the life of See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence than its predecessor . It contains incomparable studies of the Florentine housewife and her husband, a See also:

• GRAVE

grave business-like See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen, who falls into the senile folly of a See also:

• BASE

base intrigue . There remains a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short piece without See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, the Commedia in prosa, which, if it be Machiavelli's, as See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style sufficiently argues, might be accepted as a study for both the Clizia and the Mandragola . It seems written to expose the corruption of domestic life in Florence, and especially to satirize the friars in their familar See also:

• PART

part of go-betweens, tame See also:

• CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

cats, confessors and adulterers . Of Machiavelli's See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor poems, sonnets, capitoli and See also:

• CARNIVAL (Med. Lat. carnelevarium, from taro, tarns, flesh, and levare, to lighten or put aside; the derivation from valere, to say farewell, is unsupported)

carnival songs there is not much to say . Powerful as a comic playwright, he was not a poet in the proper sense of the term . The little novel of Belfagor claims a passing word, if only because of its celebrity . It is a good-humoured See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire upon See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil being forced to admit that See also:

• HELL (0. Eng. hel, a Teutonic word from a root meaning " to cover," cf. Ger. Holle, Dutch hel)

hell itself is preferable to his wife's See also:

• COMPANY

company . That Machiavelli invented it to See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express the irritation of his own domestic life is a myth without See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation . The story has a See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval origin,. and it was almost simultaneously treated in See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian by Machiavelli, Straparola and Giovanni Brevio . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1526 Machiavelli was employed by See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VII. to inspect the fortifications of Florence .

He presented a See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report upon the subject, and in the summer of the same See also:

• YEAR

year received orders to attend See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

Francesco See also:

• GUICCIARDINI, FRANCESCO (1483-1540)

Guicciardini, the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope's See also:

• COMMISSARY (from Med. Lat. commissaries, one to whom a charge or trust is committed)

commissary of war in See also:

• LOMBARDY

Lombardy . Guicciardini sent him in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August to See also:

• CREMONA
• CREMONA, LUIGI (1830-1903)

Cremona, to transact business with the Venetian provvedilori . Later on in the autumn we find him once more with Guicciardini at See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna . Thus the two See also:

• GREAT

great Italian historians of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, who had been See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends for several years, were brought into relations of See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close intimacy . After another visit to Guicciardini in the spring of 1527, Machiavelli was sent by him to Civita Vecchia . It seemed that he was destined to be associated in the papal service with Clement's See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy, and that a new See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic employment was opening for him . But soon after his return to Florence he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell See also:

• ILL

ill . His son See also:

• PIERO (1443—1496)

Piero said that he took See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine on the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June which disagreed with him; and on the 22nd he died, having received the last offices of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . There is no foundation for the legend that he expired with profane sarcasms upon his lips . Yet we need not run into the opposite extreme, and try to See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy that Machiavelli, who had professed Paganism in his life, proved himself a believing See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian on his deathbed . That he See also:

• LEFT

left an unfavourable See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion among his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow citizens is very decidedly recorded by the historian See also:

• VARCHI, BENEDETTO (1502-1565)

Varchi . The Principe, it seems, had already begun to See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice the world against him; and we can readily believe that Varchi sententiously observes, that " it would have been better for him if nature had given him either a less powerful See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect or a mind of a more genial See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper." There is in truth a something crude, unsympathetic, cynical in his See also:

• MENTAL

mental attitude toward human nature, for which, even after the See also:

• LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

lapse of more than three centuries, we find it difficult to make See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance .

The force of his intellect renders this want of geniality repulsive . We cannot help objecting that one who was so powerful could have been kindlier and sounder if he willed . We therefore do him the injustice of mistaking his infirmity for perversity . He was See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour-See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind to See also:

• COMMONPLACE

commonplace See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, at a high See also:

• RATE

rate of See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire . Formerly the mechanism of machine-guns was hand operated, but all See also:

• MODERN

modern weapons are automatic in action, the See also:

• GAS

gas of the See also:

• EXPLOSION

explosion or the force of recoil being utilized to See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

lock and unlock the See also:

• BREECH (common in early forms to Teutonic languages)

breech mechanism, to load the weapon and to eject the fired See also:

• CARTRIDGE (corruption of Fr. cartouche)

cartridge cases . The smaller types approximate to the " automatic See also:

• RIFLE

rifle," which is expected to replace the See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine rifle as the See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm of the See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . The large types, generically called "pompoms," fire a See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery projectile, and are considered by many artillery experts as " the gun of the. future." The See also:

• MEDIUM

medium type, which takes the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary rifle' See also:

• AMMUNITION

ammunition but is fired from various forms of See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage, is the ordinary machine-gun of to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article deals mainly with this .