See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES See also:

• SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH (176 1832)

MACKINTOSH (176 1832)  , Scottish publicist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Aldourie, 7 M. from See also:

• INVERNESS

Inverness, on the 24th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1765 . He came of old Highland families on both sides . He went in 178o to See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college at See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen, where he made a friend of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, afterwards the famous preacher . In 1784 he proceeded for the study of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine to See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, where he participated to the full in the intellectual ferment, but did not quite neglect his medical studies, and took his degree in 1787 . In 1788 See also:

• MACKINTOSH, SIR JAMES (176 1832)

Mackintosh removed to See also:

• LONDON

London, then agitated by the trial of See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings and the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's first See also:

• LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

lapse into See also:

• INSANITY (from Lat. in, not, and sanus, sound)

insanity . He was much more interested in these and other See also:

• POLITICAL

political events than in his professional prospects; and his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was specially directed to the events and tendencies which caused or preceded the Revolution in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . In 1789 he married his first wife, See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart, whose See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel afterwards became editor of the See also:

• MORNING

Morning See also:

• POST

Post . His wife's prudence was a corrective to his own unpractical temperament, and his efforts in journalism became fairly profitable . Mackintosh was soon absorbed in the question of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time; and in See also:

• APRIL

April 1791, after See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long meditation, he published his Vindiciae Gallicae, a reply to See also:

• BURKE
• BURKE, ROBERT
• BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD (1814–1892)
• BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829)

Burke's Reflections on the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution . It was the only worthy See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to Burke that appeared . It placed the author in the front See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• EUROPEAN

European publicists, and won him the friendship of some of the most distinguished men of the time, including Burke himself . The success of the Vindiciae finally decided him to give up the medical for the legal profession .

He was called to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar in 1705, and gained a considerable reputation there as well as a tolerable practice . In 1797 his wife died, and next See also:

• YEAR

year he married Catherine See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen, See also:

• SISTER

sister-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

Josiah and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH (1730-1795)

Wedgwood, through whom he introduced See also:

• COLERIDGE, HARTLEY (1796-1849)
• COLERIDGE, JOHN DUKE COLERIDGE, 1ST BARON
• COLERIDGE, SAMUEL TAYLOR (1772-1834)
• COLERIDGE, SARA (1802–1852)
• COLERIDGE, SIR JOHN TAYLOR (1790-1876)

Coleridge to the Morning Post . As a lawyer his greatest public efforts were his lectures (1i90) at See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln's See also:

• INN

Inn on the law of nature and nations, of which the See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

introductory discourse was published, and his eloquent See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence (1803) .of See also:

• JEAN

Jean See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

Gabriel See also:

• PELTIER, JEAN CHARLES ATHANASE (1785-1845)

Peltier, a French refugee, tried at the instance of the French See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government for alibel against the first See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul . In 1803 he was knighted, and received the post of See also:

• RECORDER
• RECORDER, FIPPLE FLUTE

recorder at Bombay . The spoilt See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of London society was not at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, and he was glad to return to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he arrived in 1812 . He courteously declined the offer of See also:

• PERCEVAL, or PERCYVELLE (Ger. Parzival, Fr. Perlesvaus, Welsh, Peredur)
• PERCEVAL, SPENCER (1762-1812)

Perceval to resume political See also:

• LIFE

life under the auspices of the dominant Tory party, though tempting prospects of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in connexion with India were opened up . He entered See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in the Whig See also:

• INTEREST

interest as member for See also:

• NAIRN

Nairn . He sat for that See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, and afterwards for See also:

• KNARESBOROUGH

Knaresborough, till his See also:

• DEATH

death . In London society, and in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris during his occasional visits, he was a recognized favourite for his genial See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom and his See also:

• GREAT

great conversational See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . On Mme de See also:

• STAEL, MADAME DE

Stael's visit to London he was the only Englishman capable of representing his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in talk with her . His See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary career was marked by the same wide and candid liberalism as his private life . He opposed the reactionary See also:

• MEASURES

measures of the Tory government, supported and afterwards succeeded See also:

• ROMILLY, JOHN ROMILLY, 1ST BARON (1802-1874)
• ROMILLY, SIR SAMUEL (1757-1818)

Romilly in his efforts for reforming the criminal See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code, and took a leading See also:

• PART

part both in See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic emancipation and in the Reform See also:

• BILL

Bill .

But he was too little of a See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan, too widely sympathetic and candid, as well as too elaborate, to be a telling See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker in parliament, and was consequently surpassed by more See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical men whose See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers were incomparably inferior . From 1818 to 1824 he was See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of law and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general politics in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company's College at Haileybury . In the midst of the attractions of London society and of his parliamentary avocations Mackintosh See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt that the real See also:

• WORK

work of his life was being neglected . His great ambition was to write a See also:

• HISTORY

history of England . His studies both in See also:

• ENGLISH

English and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation led him to cherish the See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design also of making some worthy contribution to See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . It was not till 1828 that he set about the first task of his See also:

• LITERARY

literary ambition . This was the Dissertation on the Progress of Ethical Philosophy, pre-fixed to the seventh edition of the See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Britannica . The dissertation, written mostly in See also:

• ILL

ill-See also:

• HEALTH

health and in snatches of time taken from his parliamentary engagements, was published in 1831 . It was severely attacked in 1835 by See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill in his Fragment on Mackintosh . About the same time he wrote for the See also:

• CABINET

Cabinet Cyclopaedia a " History of England from the Earliest Times to the Final See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

Establishment of the Refor mation." His more elaborate History of the Revolution, for which he had made great researches and collections, was not published till after his death . Already a privy councillor, Mackintosh was appointed See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for the affairs of India under the Whig See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of 183o . He died on the 3oth of May 1832 .

Mackintosh was undoubtedly one of the most cultured and catholic-minded men of his time . His studies and sympathies embraced almost every human interest, except pure See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science . But the width of his intellectual sympathies, joined to a constitutional indecision and vis inertiae, prevented him from doing more enduring work . Vindiciae Gallicae was the See also:

• VERDICT (O. Fr. verdit, Lat. vere dictum, truly said, used in Late Latin in one word with its present significance)

verdict of a philosophic Liberal on the development of the French Revolution up to the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1791, and though the excesses of the revolutionists compelled him a few years after to See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express his entire agreement with the opinions of Burke, its defence of the " rights of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man " is a valuable statement of the cultured Whig's point of view at the time . The History of the Revolution in England, breaking off at the point where See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange is preparing to intervene in the affairs of England, is chiefly interesting because of See also:

• MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay's admiring See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay on it and its authcr . A Life, by his son R . J . Mackintosh, was published in 1836 .