FREIHERR KARL MACK VON LEIBERICH (1752-1828)  , See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian soldier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Nenslingen, in See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria, on the 25th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1752 . In 1770 he joined an Austrian See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, in which his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, Leiberich, was a See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, becoming an officer seven years later . During the brief See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of the Bavarian See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession he was selected for service on the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Kinsky, under whom, and subsequently under the commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

Field See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Count See also:

• LACY, FRANZ MORITZ, COUNT (1725-1801)
• LACY, HARRIETTE DEBORAH (1807-1874)
• LACY, MICHAEL ROPHINO (1795–1867)

Lacy, he did excellent See also:

• WORK

work . He was promoted first See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant in 1778, and See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain on the quartermaster-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general's staff in 1783 . Count Lacy, then the foremost soldier of the Austrian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, had the highest See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of his See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young assistant . In 1785 Mack married Katherine Gabrieul, and was ennobled under the name of Mack von Leiberich . In the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish war he was employed on the headquarter staff, becoming in 1788 See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major and See also:

• PERSONAL

personal aide-de-See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, and in 1789 lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel . He distinguished himself greatly in the storming of See also:

• BELGRADE (Servian, Biograd or Beograd, i.e. " White Castle")

Belgrade . Shortly after this, disagreements between Mack and Loudon, now commander-in-chief, led to the former's demanding a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial and leaving the front . He was, however, given a colonelcy (1789) and the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of Maria See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa, and in 1790 Loudon and Mack, having become reconciled, were again on the field together . During these See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns Mack received a severe injury to his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, from which he never fully recovered . In 1793 he was made quartermaster-general (chief of staff) to See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Josias of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• COBURG

Coburg, commanding in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands; and he enhanced his reputation by the ensuing See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign .

The young See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

Archduke See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles, who won his own first laurels in the See also:

• ACTION

action of the 1st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1793, wrote after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle, " Above all we have to thank Colonel Mack for these successes." Mack distinguished himself again on the field of See also:

• NEERWINDEN

Neerwinden; and had a leading See also:

• PART

part in the negotiations between Coburg and See also:

• DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANCOIS (1739—1823)

Dumouriez . He continued to serve as quartermaster-general, and was now made titular chief (Inhaber) of a cuirassier regiment . He received a See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound at Famars, but in 1794 was once more engaged, having at last been made a major-general . But thefailure of the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, due though it was to See also:

• POLITICAL

political and military factors and ideas, over which Mack had no See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, was ascribed to him, as their successes of March-See also:

• APRIL

April 1793 had been, and he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into disfavour in consequence . In 1797 he was promoted lieutenant field marshal, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he accepted, at the personal See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the emperor, the command of the Neapolitan army . But with the unpromising material of his new command he could do nothing against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French revolutionary troops, and before See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, being in actual danger of being murdered by his men, he took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in the French camp . He was promised a See also:

• FREE

free pass to his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon ordered that he should be sent to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France as a prisoner of war . Two years later he escaped from See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in disguise . The allegation that he See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke his See also:

• PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

parole is false . He was not employed for some years, but in 1804, when the war party in the Austrian court needed a general to oppose the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace policy of the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch-See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke Charles, Mack was made quartermaster-general of the army, with instructions to prepare for a war with France . He did all that was possible within the available See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to reform the army, and on the opening of the war of 18o5 he was made quartermaster-general to the titular commander-in-chief in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, the Archduke See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand . He was the real responsible commander of the army which opposed Napoleon in Bavaria, but his position was See also:

• ILL

ill-defined and his authority treated with slight respect by the other general See also:

• OFFICERS

officers .

For the events of the See also:

• ULM

Ulm campaign and an estimate of Mack's responsibility for the disaster, see See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGNS . After See also:

• AUSTERLITZ (Czech Slavkov)

Austerlitz, Mack was tried by a court-martial, sitting from See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 18o6 to See also:

• JUNE

June 1807, and sentenced to be deprived of his See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, his regiment, and the order of Maria Theresa, and to be imprisoned for two years . He was released in 18o8, and in 1819, when the ultimate victory of the allies had obliterated the memory of earlier disasters, he was, at the request of Prince See also:

• SCHWARZENBERG
• SCHWARZENBERG, KARL PHILIPP, PRINCE ZU (1771-1820)

Schwarzenberg, re-instated in the army as lieutenant field marshal and a member of the order of Maria Theresa . He died on the 22nd of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1828 at S . PSlten . See Schweigerd, Oesterreichs Helden (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1854) ; Wiirzbach, Biogr . Lexikon d . Kaiserthums Oesterr . (Vienna, 1867) ; See also:

• RITTER, HEINRICH (1791-1869)
• RITTER, KARL (1779–1859)

Ritter von Rittersberg, Biogr. d. ausgezeichneten Feldherren d. oest . Armee (See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, 1828) ; See also:

• RAUMER, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG GEORG VON (1781–1873)

Raumer's Hist . Taschenbuch (1873) contains Mack's vindication . A See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical memoir will be found in Streffleur for See also:

• JANUARY

January 1907 .