See also:

• MADURA
• MADURA (Dutch Madoera)

MADURA (Dutch Madoera)  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of the Dutch See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indies, separated by the shallow Strait of See also:

• MADURA
• MADURA (Dutch Madoera)

Madura from the N.E. See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• JAVA

Java . Pop . (1897), 1,652,580, of whom 1,646,071 were natives, 4252 See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese and 558 Europeans . It extends from about 1120 32' to 114° 7' E., and is divided into two nearly equal portions by the parallel of 7° S.; the See also:

• AREA

area is estimated at 1725 sq. m . It is a See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau-like prolongation of the See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone range of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Java, with hills (1300 to 160o ft. high) and dales . The formation of the coast and plains is See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary and See also:

• RECENT

recent See also:

• ALLUVIUM

alluvium . Hot springs are not infrequent; and in the valley between Gunong Geger and Banjar lies the mud See also:

• VOLCANO

volcano of Banju Ening . The coasts are clothed with tropical vegetation; but the See also:

• SOIL

soil is better fitted for See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral than agricultural purposes . Fishing and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle-rearing are the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief means of subsistence . Besides See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice and See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize, Madura yields coco-See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut oil and jail . The manufacture of See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt for the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, abolished in other places, continues in Madura . Hence perhaps the name is derived (Sansk. mandura, salt) .

See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

Petroleum is found in small quantities . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• TOWN

town is Sumenep; and there are populous See also:

• MALAY

Malay, Arab and Chinese villages between the town and the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of Maringan . On a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill in the neighbourhood lies Asta, the See also:

• BURIAL

burial-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the Sumenep princes . Pamekasan is the seat of government . Bangkalang is a large town with the old See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of Madura and the residences of the princes of the See also:

• BLOOD

blood; the See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque is adorned with the first three suras of the See also:

• KORAN

Koran, thus differing from nearly all the mosques in Java and Madura, though resembling those of western See also:

• ISLAM

Islam . In the vicinity once stood the Erfprins fort . Arisbaya (less correctly Arosbaya) is the place where the first mosque was built in Madura, and where the Dutch sailors first made acquaintance with the natives . The once excellent See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour is now silted up . Sampang is the seat of an important See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market . The Kangean and Sapudi islands, belonging to Madura, yield See also:

• TIMBER

timber, trepang, turtle, pisang and other products . Madura formerly consisted of three native states—Madura or Bangkalang, Pamekasan and Sumenep . The whole island was considered See also:

• PART

part of the Java residency of See also:

• SURABAYA (Dutch Soerabaja)

Surabaya .

The See also:

• SEPARATE

separate residency of Madura was constituted in 1857; it now consists of four " departments "—Pamekasan, Madura, Sumenep and Sampang . See P . J . Veth, Java, vol. iii . ; Kielstra, " Het Eiland Madoera," `n De Gids (189o); H. See also:

• VAN

van See also:

• LENNEP

Lennep, " De Madoereezen," in De Indische Gids (1895), with detailed bibliography .