See also:

• MAHANADI, or MAHANUDDY (" The Great River ")

MAHANADI, or MAHANUDDY (" The See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• RIVER

River ")  , a See also:

• RIVER

river of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . It rises in 2o° 10' N., 82° E., 25 M . S. of See also:

• RAIPUR

Raipur See also:

• TOWN

town, in the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild mountains of See also:

• BASTAR

Bastar in the Central Provinces . At first an insignificant stream, taking a northerly direction, it drains the eastern portion of the See also:

• CHHATTISGARH

Chhattisgarh See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, then a little above Seorinarayan it receives the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters which its first See also:

• GREAT

great affluent, the Seonath, has collected from the western portion of the plain; thence flowing for some distance due E., its stream is augmented by the drainage of the hills of Uprora, Korba, and the ranges that See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• SAMBALPUR

Sambalpur from See also:

• CHOTA (or CHUTIA) NAGPUR

Chota See also:

• NAGPUR

Nagpur . At Padampur it turns towards the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, and struggling through masses of See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, flows past the town of Sambalpur to Sonpur . From Sonpur it pursues a tortuous course among ridges and rocky crags towards the range of the Eastern See also:

• GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats . This See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain See also:

• LINE

line it pierces by a See also:

• GORGE

gorge about 40 M. in length, overlooked by See also:

• FOREST

forest-clad hills . Since the opening of the See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal-Nagpur railway, the See also:

• MAHANADI, or MAHANUDDY (" The Great River ")

Mahanadi is little used for See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . It pours down upon the See also:

• ORISSA

Orissa See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta at Naraj, about 7 M. See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• CUTTACK

Cuttack town; and after traversing Cuttack See also:

• DISTRICT

district from west to See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, and throwing off numerous branches (the Katjori, Paika, Biropa, Chitartala, &c.) it falls into the See also:

• BAY

Bay of Bengal at False Point by several channels . The Mahanadi has an estimated drainage See also:

• AREA

area of 43,800 sq. m., and its rapid flow renders its maximum See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood second to that of no other river in India . During unusually high floods 1,5oo,000 cub. ft. of See also:

• WATER

water pour every second through the Naraj gorge, one-See also:

• HALF

half of which, uncontrolled by the elaborate embankments, and heavily laden with silt, pours over the delta, filling the swamps, inundating the See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice-See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields, and converting the plains into a See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . In the dry See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather the discharge of the Mahanadi dwindles to 1125 cub. ft. per second .

Efforts have been made to See also:

• HUSBAND

husband and utilize the vast water See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply thrown upon the Orissa delta during seasons of flood . Each of the three branches into which the See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent stream splits at the delta See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head is regulated by a See also:

• WEIR (from O. Eng. wer, a dam; cognate with werian, to defend, guard; cf. Ger. Wehr, defence)
• WEIR, ROBERT WALTER (1803-1889)

weir . Of the four canals which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the Orissa See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation See also:

• SYSTEM

system, two take off from the Biropa weir, and one, with its See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch, from the Mahanadi weir . On the 31st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1868 the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government took over the whole See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal See also:

• WORKS

works from the East See also:

• INDIAN

Indian Irrigation See also:

• COMPANY

Company, at a cost of 1941,368 . The canals thus taken over and since completed, are the high-level canal, the Kendrapara canal, the Taldanda canal and the Machgaon canal, irrigating 275,000 acres .