MAIDSTONE
, a See also:market See also:town and municipal and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough, and the See also:county town of See also:Kent, See also:England, 41 M
.
E.S.E. of See also:London by the See also:South Eastern & See also:Chatham railway
.
Pop
.
(1901), 33,516; See also:area, 4008 acres
.
It lies principally on the eastern See also:bank of the See also:river See also:Medway, the See also:modern See also:part spreading over the western slopes of a picturesque valley, which is intersected and environed by orchards and See also:hop gardens, this being the richest agricultural See also:district of Kent
.
The hop grounds See also:form the so-called See also:middle growth of Kent, and the town has the See also:principal See also:grain market in the county
.
See also:Archbishop See also:Boniface in 1260 established a See also:hospital here (See also:Newark hospital) for poor pilgrims, the See also:chapel of which, with modern additions, is now St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church
.
The See also:parish church of St See also:Mary, which had existed from See also:Norman times, was demolished in 1395 by Archbishop See also:Courtenay, who erected on the site the See also:present church of All
See also:prince or feudal See also:superior, for the purpose, primarily, of See also:education, goes back to See also:early feudal times, and is parallel with the sending of boys to See also:act as pages and squires to the feudal castles
.
The See also:regular See also:establishment of maids of 'See also:honour (filles d'honneur) appears first in the royal See also:court of See also:France
.
This has usually been attributed to See also:Anne of See also:Brittany, wife of See also:Charles VIII.; she had a See also:group of unmarried girls of high See also:rank at her court as part of her See also:household, in whom she took a lively and parental See also:interest, educating them and bestowing a See also:dowry upon them on their See also:marriage
.
A slightly earlier instance, however, has been found
.
When the See also:young See also:Margaret of See also:Austria came to France on her espousal to Charles VIII., broken by his marriage to Anne of Brittany, there were in her See also:train several filles d'honneur, whose names appear in the Comptes d'argenterie de la reine See also:Marguerite d'Autriche, from 1484–1485 and 1488-1489 (Archives de l'See also:empire K.K
.
8o and 81 quoted by A
.
Jai, Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire)
.
It is from the days of See also:Francis I. that the chroniques scandaleuses begin which circle See also:round the maids of honour of the See also:French court
.
The maids of See also:Catherine de See also:Medici, celebrated as the " flying See also:squadron," l'escadron volant, are See also:familiar from the pages of See also:Pierre de 1'Estoil'e (1574-1611) and See also:Brantome
.
Among those whose beauty Catherine used in her See also:political intrigues, the most famous were Isabelle de Limeuil, Mlle de See also:Montmorency-Fosseux, known as la belle Fosseuse, and See also:Charlotte de Baune
.
The filles d' honneur, as an institution, were suppressed in the reign of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV., at the instigation of Mme de See also:Montespan—who had been one of them—and their See also:place was taken by the dames de palais
.
In the See also:English court, this See also:custom of attaching " maids of honour " to the See also:queen's See also:person was no doubt adopted from France
.
At the present See also:day a queen regnant has eight maids of honour, a queen See also:consort four
.
They take See also:precedence next after the daughters of barons, and where they have not by right or See also:courtesy a See also:title of their own, they are styled " See also:Honourable."
See also:Saints
.
This See also:fine Perpendicular See also:building contains, besides many excellent monuments, the richly carved See also:sedilia and the twenty-eight See also:oak seats used by the collegiate priests
..
Courtenay also founded a See also:college of See also:secular canons, the ruins of which are an interesting specimen of 14th-See also:century See also:architecture
.
From the reign of See also:John until the See also:Reformation the archbishops had a See also:residence here, at which See also:Stafford and Courtenay died
.
This Perpendicular building, with its Elizabethan See also:east front, was acquired by the See also:corporation as a memorial of Queen See also:Victoria's See also:Jubilee in 1887, and houses the school of See also:science and See also:art
.
The rectory, with the See also:manor, passed into See also:lay hands at the Reformation; and, having been a perpetual curacy for three See also:hundred and twenty years, the living became a vicarage in 1866
.
The See also:grammar school was founded in 1549, and endowed with the estates of the See also:local Corpus Christi fraternity, then dissolved; the See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall in which the gild assembled remains, but the school is established in modern buildings on a new site
.
There are oil-See also:mills, rope, sacking and twine factories, and See also:cement, See also:lime, and See also:brick See also:works
.
There is a considerable carrying See also:trade on the Medway
.
A museum, with public library, was opened in 1858, in an interesting building of the early part of the 16th century
.
This is the headquarters of the Kent Archaeological Society, founded by the Rev
.
L
.
B
.
Larking in 1858
.
In 1890 an art See also:gallery was added
.
The See also:West Kent and See also:General hospital, the county ophthalmic hospital, county See also:gaol and See also:barracks may be mentioned among other institutions
.
From Saxon times down to 1830 condemned malefactors were executed, and all the See also:great county meetings were held, on Penenden See also:Heath, a See also:common situated about a mile See also:north-east of the town, and enclosed by the corporation as a public recreation ground
.
The parliamentary borough of Maidstone returns one member
.
The town is governed by a See also:mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors
.
There is See also:evidence of a See also:Roman See also:settlement at Maidstone
.
The name Maidstone (Medwegestun, Meddestane, Maydestan), probably meaning Medway Town, is presumably of Saxon origin
.
At the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Domesday Survey it belonged to the archbishop of See also:Canterbury, and from the reign of John the archbishops had a residence there
.
Its position in the centre of Kent gave it an early importance; the See also:shire-See also:moot was held on Penenden Heath in the 11th century, and Maidstone was an See also:assize town in the reign of See also:Edward I
.
In 1537 See also:Cranmer ex-changed the manor of Maidstone with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and it was granted by Edward VI. to See also:Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Wyatt
.
Edward also incorporated the town by the title of the mayor, jurats and commonalty; it had formerly been governed by a portreve and 12 " brethren." This See also:charter was forfeited through Wyatt's See also:rebellion; a second charter was granted by See also:Elizabeth in 1J59 and confirmed by subsequent sovereigns
.
A new charter constituting a governing See also:body of a mayor, 12 jurats and 40 common councilmen was given at the See also:petition of the inhabitants by See also:George II. in 1747, and remained the governing charter until 1835
.
Four fairs were granted by the charter of 1559; these are now held on the 13th of See also:February, the 12th of May, the loth of See also:June and the 17th of See also:October
.
A See also:Thursday market was granted by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III. to Archbishop Boniface, and a market every second Tuesday in the See also:month by charter of George II
.
A See also:corn market on Tuesday and a See also:cattle market on Thursday are still held
.
The manufacture of See also:linen and woollen goods was introduced by See also:Walloons, who settled here in 1567
.
This was succeeded by See also:paper-making, now the See also:chief See also:industry of the town
.
The cultivation of hops has been carried on since the 17th century
.
Maidstone has been associated with various incidents of general See also:history
.
Wat See also:Tyler See also:broke into the See also:prison, liberated John See also:Ball the See also:rebel preacher, and committed various depredations
.
Several of the leading inhabitants joined See also:Jack See also:Cade's rising
.
The rising of the Kentish Royalists in 1648 collapsed at Maidstone, where on the 1st of June See also:Fairfax, after five See also:hours' obstinate fighting, captured the town at midnight
.
See Victoria County History, Kent; I
.
M
.
See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell, History of Maidstone (1881)
.
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