See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS DE See also:

• FRANCOIS DE MALHERBE (1555-1628)

MALHERBE (1555-1628)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French poet, critic and translator, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CAEN

Caen in 1555 . His See also:

• FAMILY

family was of some position, though it seems not to have been able to establish to the See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of heralds the claims which it made to See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility older than the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The poet was the eldest son of another See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois de See also:

• MALHERBE, FRANCOIS DE (1555-1628)

Malherbe, conseiller du roi in the magistracy of Caen . He himself was elaborately educated at Caen, at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, at See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg and at See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-one, preferring arms to the See also:

• GOWN

gown, he entered the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house-hold of See also:

• HENRI

Henri d'See also:

• ANGOULEME
• ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650)

Angouleme, See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, the natural son of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II . He served this See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince as secretary in See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence, and married there in 1581 . It seems that he wrote verses at this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, but, to See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge from a See also:

• QUOTATION

quotation of See also:

• TALLEMANT, GEDEON, SIEUR DES REAUX (1619—1692)

Tallemant See also:

• DES

des Reaux, they must have been very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad ones . His See also:

• PATRON

patron died when Malherbe was on a visit in his native See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, and for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he had no particular employment, though by some servile verses he obtained a considerable See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of See also:

• MONEY

money from Henry III., whom he afterwards libelled . He lived partly in Provence and partly in See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy for-many years after this event; but very little is known of his See also:

• LIFE

life during this period . His Larmes de See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre, imitated from See also:

• LUIGI

Luigi Tansillo, appeared in 1587 . It was in the See also:

• YEAR

year parting the two centuries (1600) that he presented to See also:

• MARIE

Marie de' See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici an See also:

• ODE (Gr. uiSri, from aei&ew, to sing)

ode of welcome, the first of his remarkable poems . But four or five years more passed before his See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, which had hitherto been indifferent, turned .

He was presented by his countryman, the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Du See also:

• PERRON (a French word meaning properly a "large stone," Ital. Petrone, from Lat. Petra, Fr. pierre, stone)
• PERRON, PIERRE CUILLIER (1755-1834)

Perron, to Henry IV.; and, though that economical prince did not at first show any See also:

• GREAT

great eagerness to entertain the poet, he was at last summoned to See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and endowed after one See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion or another . It is said that the See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension promised him was not paid till the next reign . His See also:

• FATHER

father died in 16o6, and he came into his See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance . From this time forward he lived at court, corresponding affectionately with his wife, but seeing her only twice in some twenty years . His old age was saddened by a great misfortune . His son, Marc See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine, a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man ofpromise, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel in 1626 . His father used his utmost See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence to have the guilty parties (for more than one were concerned, and there are grounds for thinking that it was not a See also:

• FAIR

fair duel) brought to See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice . But he died before the suit was decided (it is said in consequence of disease caught at the See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp of La Rochelle, whither he had gone to See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king), in Paris, on the 16th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October, 1628, at the age of seventy-three . The See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of Malherbe was far from amiable, but he exercised, or at least indicated the exercise of, a great and enduring effect upon French literature, though by no means a wholly beneficial one . The lines of Boileau beginning Enfin Malherbe Dint are rendered only partially applicable by the extraordinary See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance of older French See also:

• POETRY

poetry which distinguished that See also:

• PEREMPTORY

peremptory critic . But the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good as well as bad See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Malherbe's theory and practice is excellently described by his contemporary and See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior See also:

• REGNIER, HENRI FRANCOIS JOSEPH DE (1864– )
• REGNIER, MATHURIN (1573–1613)

Regnier, who was animated against him, not merely by See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of his own devotion to See also:

• RONSARD, PIERRE DE (1524-1585)

Ronsard but because of Malherbe's discourtesy towards Regnier's See also:

• UNCLE

uncle P . See also:

• DESPORTES, PHILIPPE (1546-1606)

Desportes, whom the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman poet had at first distinctly copied .

These are the lines: " Cependant leur savoir ne s'etend nullement Qu'a regratter un mot douteuse au jugement, Prendre garde qu'un qui ne heurte une diphthongue, Epier si des vers la rime est breve ou longue, Ou bien si la voyelle a 1'autre s'unissant Ne rend point a l'oreille un vers trop languissant . C'est proser de la rime et rimer de la See also:

• PROSE

prose." This is perfectly true, and from the time of Malherbe See also:

• DATES

dates that great and deplorable falling off of French poetry in its more poetic qualities, which was not made good till 183o . Nevertheless the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical and restraining tendency of Malherbe was not See also:

• ILL

ill in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place after the luxuriant importation and innovation of the Pleiade; and if he had confined himself to See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching greater technical perfection, and especially greater simplicity and purity in vocabulary and versification, instead of superciliously striking his See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen through the great See also:

• WORKS

works of his predecessors, he would have deserved wholly well . As it was, his reforms helped to elaborate the See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse necessary for the classical tragedy, and that is the most that can be said for him . His own poetical See also:

• WORK

work is scanty in amount, and for the most See also:

• PART

part frigid and devoid of See also:

• INSPIRATION (Lat. inspirare, breathe upon or into)

inspiration . The beautiful See also:

• CONSOLATION (Fr. consolation, Lat. consolatio, from consolari, to assuage, comfort, console)

Consolation d Duperier, in which occurs the famous See also:

• LINE

line Et, See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose, elle a vecu ce que vivent See also:

• LES

les See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses the odes to Marie de' Medici and to See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIII., and a few other pieces comprise all that is really See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth remembering of him . His prose work is much more abundant, not less remarkable for care as to See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and expression, and of greater See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive value . It consists of some See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations of See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy and See also:

• SENECA

Seneca, and of a very large number of interesting and admirably written letters, many of which are addressed to Peiresc, the man of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of whom Gassendi has See also:

• LEFT

left a delightful Latin life . It contains also a most curious commentary on Desportes, in which Malherbe's See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute and carping style of verbal See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism is displayed on the great See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief authorities for the See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography of Malherbe are the See also:

• VIE

Vie de Malherbe by his friend and See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil See also:

• RACAN

Racan, and the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long Historiette which Tallemant des Reaux has devoted to him . The See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard edition is the admirable one of Ludovic Lalanne (5 vols., Paris, 1862-1869) . Of the poems only, there is an excellent and handsome little issue in the Nouvelle collection Jannet (Paris, 1874) .

Of See also:

• MODERN

modern works devoted to him, La See also:

• DOCTRINE

Doctrine de Malherbe, by G . Brunot (1891), is not only the most important but a work altogether See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital in regard to the study of French See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language and literature . Others are A . Gaste, La Jeunesse de Malherbe (189o) ; V . See also:

• BOURRIENNE, LOUIS ANTOINE FAUVELET DE (176)–1834)

Bourrienne, Points obscurs daps la vie normande de Malherbe (1895) ; and the duc de See also:

• BROGLIE, DE

Broglie's " Malherbe " in Les Grands ecrivains See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais . On his position in French and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general critical See also:

• HISTORY

history, G . See also:

• SAINTSBURY, GEORGE EDWARD BATEMAN (1845- )

Saintsbury's History of Criticism, vol. ii., may be consulted . (G .