Online Encyclopedia

MALIK IBN ANAS (c. 718-795)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 489 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MALIK

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IBN ANAS (c. 718-795)  , the founder of the Malikite school of
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canon law, was born at Medina about A.D . 718: the precise date is not certain . He studied and passed his
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life there, and came to be regarded as the greatest
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local authority in
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theology and law . (For his legal
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system and its
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history see
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MAHOMMEDAN LAW.) His life was one of extreme honour and dignity, but uneventful, being given to study, lecturing on law and acting as
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mufti and 'judge . Only two episodes stand out in his biography . When Mahommed
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ibn 'Abdallah, the 'Alid, rose in A.D . 762 at Medina against the '
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Abbasids, Malik gave a fatwa, or legal opinion, that the oath of allegiance to the'Abbasids was invalid, as extorted by force . For this independence he was severely scourged by the `Abbasid governor, who, apparently, did not dare to go beyond scourging with a man of his
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standing with the
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people . The second
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episode gave equal proof of independence . In 795 Harlan al-Rashid made the pilgrimage, came with two of his sons to Medina, and sat at the feet of Malik as he lectured in the mosque . The story, legendary or
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historical, adds that Malik had refused to go to the
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caliph, saying that it was for the student to come to 'his teacher .
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Late in life he seems to have turned to
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asceticism and contemplation .

It is said that he retired from all active, public life and even neglected

plain, public duties, replying to reproaches, " Not every one can speak in his own excuse " (Ibn Qutaiba, Ma 'arif, 250) . He is also entered among the early ascetic Sufis (cf . Fihrist, 183) . He died in Medina, A.D . 795 . For a description of his
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principal
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book, the Muwatta', see Goldziher's Muhammedanische Studien, ii . 213 sqq . He wrote also a
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Koran commentary, now apparently lost, and a hortatory
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epistle to Harlan al-Rashid . See further, de Slane's trans. of Ibn Khallikan, ii . 545 sqq.; von Kremer, Culturgeschichte, i . 477 sqq.; Brockelmann; Gesch. der crab . Litt., i .

175 sqq . ;

Macdonald, Muslim Theology, &c., 99 sqq. and
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index; Fihrist, 198 seq . ;
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Nawawi, 530 sqq . (D . B .

End of Article: MALIK IBN ANAS (c. 718-795)
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