MANAOS  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil and See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• AMAZONAS

Amazonas, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Rio See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

Negro 12 m. above its junction with the Solimoes, or See also:

• AMAZON

Amazon, and 908 m . (Wappaus) above the mouth of the latter, in See also:

• LAT

lat . 30 8' 4" S., See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . 6o° W . Pop . (1908), about 40,000, including a large percentage of See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, negroes and mixed-bloods; the city is growing rapidly . Mangos stands on a slight See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence overlooking the See also:

• RIVER

river, 1o6 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level, traversed by several " igarapes " (See also:

• CANOE (from Carib. candoa, the West Indian name found in use by Columbus; the Fr. canot, boat, and Ger. Kahn, are derived from the Lat. canna, reed, vessel)

canoe paths) or See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side channels, and beautified by the luxuriant vegetation of the Amazon valley . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is agreeable and healthful, the See also:

• AVERAGE

average temperature for the See also:

• YEAR

year (1902) being 84°, the number of See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy days 130, and the See also:

• TOTAL

total rainfall 66.4 in . Up to the beginning of the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the only noteworthy public edifices were the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of N.S. da Conceicao, the St Sebastiao See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum and, possibly, a Misericordia See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital; but a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• BUILDING

building, a See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, a municipal See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, courts of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place and a handsome See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre were subsequently erected, and a See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply See also:

• SYSTEM

system, electric See also:

• LIGHT

light and electric tramways were provided . The " igarapes " are spanned by a number of See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges . Higher See also:

• EDUCATION

education is provided by a See also:

• LYCEUM

lyceum or high school, besides which there is a noteworthy school (bearing the name of See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

Constant) for poor See also:

• ORPHAN

orphan girls . Mangos has a famous botanical See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden, an interesting museum, a public library, and a meteorological See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory .

The port of Mangos, which is the commercial centre of the whole tipper Amazon region, was nothing but a river anchorage before 1902 . In that year a See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation began improvements, which include a See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone river-See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall or See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay, storehouses for merchandise, and floating wharves or landing stages connected with the quay by floating bridges or roadways . The floating wharves and bridges are made necessary by the rise and fall of the river, the difference between the maximum and minimum levels being about 33 ft . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal exports are See also:

• RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

rubber, nuts, cacao, dried See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, hides and piassava fibre . The markets of Mangos receive their supplies of See also:

• BEEF (through O. Fr. boef, mod. boeuf, from Lat. bos, bovis, ox, Gr. f3oiir, which show the ultimate connexion with the Sanskrit go, gaits, ox, and thus with " cow")

beef from the See also:

• NATIONAL

national stock ranges on the Rio See also:

• BRANCO, or PARIMA

Branco, and it is from this region that hides and horns are received for export . The See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of the port has become large and important, the total arrivals in 1907, including small trading boats, being 1589, of which 133 were ocean-going steamers from See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and the See also:

• UNITED

United States, 75 from See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south Brazilian ports, and 227 river steamers from Path . This rapid growth in its See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is due to a provincial See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of 1878 which authorized an See also:

• ABATEMENT (derived through the French abattre, from the Late Latin battere, to beat)

abatement of 3% in the export duties on direct shipments, and a state law of 1900 which made it compulsory to See also:

• LAND

land and See also:

• SHIP

ship all products of the state from the Mangos custom-house . The first See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement on the site of Mangos was made in 166o, when a small fort was built here by Francisco da Motta See also:

• FALCAO, CHRISTOVAO DE SOUSA (? 1512-1557)

Falcao, and was named Sao Jose de Rio Negro . The See also:

• MISSION

mission and See also:

• VILLAGE

village which followed was called See also:

• VILLA

Villa de See also:

• BARRA, or BARRAY (Scand. Baraey, isle of the ocean)

Barra, or Barra do Rio Negro (the name " Barra " being derived from the " See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar " in the current of the river, occasioned by the set-back caused by its encounter with the Amazon) . It succeeded Barcellos as the capital of the old capitania of Rio Negro in 1809, and became the capital of Amazonas when that See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province was created in 185o, its name being then changed to Mangos, the name of the principal tribe of Indians living on the Rio Negro at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of its See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery . In 1892 Mangos became the see of the new bishopric of Amazonas .