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MANDRILL (a name formed by the prefix...

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 566 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MANDRILL (a name formed by the prefix " See also:man " to the word " See also:drill," which was used in See also:ancient literature to denote an See also:ape, and is probably of See also:West See also:African origin)  , the See also:common See also:title of the most hideous and most brilliantly coloured of all the See also:African monkeys collectively denominated baboons and constituting the genus Papio . Together with the See also:drill (q.v.), the See also:mandrill, Papio See also:maimon, constitutes the subgenus Maimon, which is exclusively See also:West African in See also:distribution, and characterized, among other peculiarities, by the extreme shortness of the tail, and the See also:great development of the See also:longitudinal bony swellings, covered during See also:life with naked skin, on the sides of the muzzle . As a whole, the mandrill is characterized by heaviness of See also:body, stoutness and strength of See also:limb, and exceeding shortness of tail, which is a See also:mere stump, not 2 in. See also:long; and usually carried erect . It is, moreover, remarkable for the prominence of its brow-ridges, beneath which the small and closely approximated eyes are deeply sunk; the immense See also:size of the canine See also:teeth; and more especially for the extraordinarilyvivid colouring of some parts of the skin . The body generally is covered with soft See also:hairSee also:light See also:olive-See also:brown above and silvery See also:grey beneath—and the See also:chin is furnished underneath with a small pointed yellow See also:beard . The hair of the forehead and temples is directed upwards so as to meet in a point on the See also:crown, which gives the See also:head a triangular See also:appearance . The ears are naked, and bluish See also:black . The hands and feet are naked, and black . A large space around the greatly See also:developed callosities on the buttocks, as well as the upper See also:part of the insides of the thighs, is naked and of a See also:crimson See also:colour, shading off on the sides to See also:lilac or See also:blue, which, depending upon injection of the superficial See also:blood-vessels, varies in intensity according to the See also:condition of the See also:animal—increasing under excitement, fading during sickness, and disappearing after See also:death . It is, however, in the See also:face that the most remarkable disposition of vivid hues occurs, more resembling those of a brilliantly coloured See also:flower than what might be expected in a mammal . The cheek-prominences are of an intense blue, the effect of which is heightened by deeply sunk longitudinal furrows of a darker tint, while the central See also:line and termination of the See also:nose are See also:bright See also:scarlet . It is only to fully adult See also:males that this description applies .

The See also:

female is of much smaller size, and more slender; and, though the See also:general See also:tone of the hairy parts of the body is the same, the prominences, furrows, and colouring of the face are much less marked . The See also:young males have black faces . Old males are remarkable for the ferocity of their disposition, as well as for other disagreeable qualities; but when young they can easily be tamed . Like baboons, mandrills appear to be indiscriminate eaters, feeding on See also:fruit, roots, See also:reptiles, See also:insects, scorpions, &c., and inhabit open rocky ground rather than forests . Not much is known of the mandrill's habits in the See also:wild See also:state, nor of the exact limits of its See also:geographical distribution; the specimens brought to See also:Europe coming from the west See also:coast of tropical See also:Africa, from See also:Guinea to the Gaboon .

End of Article: MANDRILL (a name formed by the prefix " man " to the word " drill," which was used in ancient literature to denote an ape, and is probably of West African origin)
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