EDOUARD See also:

• EDOUARD MANET (1832-1883)

MANET (1832-1883)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French painter, regarded as the most important See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

• IMPRESSIONISM

Impressionism (q.v.), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 23rd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1832 . After spending some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time under the tuition of the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe Poiloup, he entered the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College See also:

• ROLLIN, CHARLES (1661-1741)

Rollin, where his See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for See also:

• DRAWING

drawing led him to neglect all his other lessons . His studies finished in 1848, he was placed on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board the See also:

• SHIP

ship See also:

• GUADELOUPE

Guadeloupe, voyaging to Rio de Janeiro . On his return he first studied in See also:

• COUTURE, THOMAS (1815-1879)

Couture's studio (1851), where his See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence often infuriated his master . For six years he was an intermittent visitor to the studio, constantly taking leave to travel, and going first to See also:

• CASSEL
• CASSEL, or KASSEL

Cassel, See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna and See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, and afterwards to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, where he made some stay . Some important drawings date from this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and one picture, "A Nymph Surprised." Then, after imitating Couture, more or less, in " The See also:

• ABSINTHE

Absinthe-drinker " (1866), and See also:

• COURBET, GUSTAVE (1819-1877)

Courbet in " The Old Musician," he devoted himself almost exclusively to the study of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish masters in the Louvre . A See also:

• GROUP

group was already gathering See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round him—See also:

• WHISTLER, JAMES ABBOTT

Whistler, See also:

• LEGROS, ALPHONSE (1837– )

Legros, and Fantin-Latour haunted his studio in the See also:

• RUE (Fr. rue, Lat. ruta, from Gr. pur)

Rue See also:

• GUYOT, ARNOLD HENRY (18o7–1884)
• GUYOT, YVES (1843– )

Guyot . His " Spaniard playing the See also:

• GUITAR (Fr. guitarre, Ger. Guitarre, Ital. chitarra, Span. guitarra)

Guitar," in the See also:

• SALON

Salon of 186r, excited much animadversion . See also:

• DELACROIX, FERDINAND VICTOR EUGENE (1798-1863)

Delacroix alone defended See also:

• MANET, EDOUARD (1832-1883)

Manet, but, this notwithstanding, his " Fifer of the Guard " and " Breakfast on the Grass " were refused by the See also:

• JURY

jury . Then the " See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of the Rejected" was opened, and round Manet a group was formed, including See also:

• BRACQUEMOND, FELIX (1833— )

Bracquemond, Legros, Jongkind, Whistler, See also:

• HARPIGNIES, HENRI (1819– )

Harpignies and Fantin-Latour, the writers See also:

• ZOLA, EMILE EDOUARD CHARLES ANTOINE (1840-1902)

Zola, Duranty and Duret, and See also:

• ASTRUC, JEAN (1684-1766)

Astruc the sculptor . In 1863, when an See also:

• AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

amateur, M . See also:

• MARTINET

Martinet, See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent an exhibition-See also:

• ROOM

room to Manet, the painter exhibited fourteen pictures; and then, in 1864, contributed again to the Salon " The Angels at the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

Tomb " and " A .

See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull-fight." Of this picture he afterwards kept nothing but the See also:

• TOREADOR

toreador in the foreground, and it is now known as " The Dead See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man." In 1865 he sent to the Salon " See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ reviled by the Soldiers " and the famous " See also:

• OLYMPIA

Olympia," which was hailed with mockery and See also:

• LAUGHTER

laughter . It represents a nude woman reclining on a See also:

• COUCH, DARIUS NASH (1822-1897)

couch, behind which is seen the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a negress who carries a bunch of See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers . A See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat at her feet emphasizes the whiteness of the See also:

• SHEET

sheet on which the woman lies . This See also:

• WORK

work (now in the Louvre) was presented to the Luxembourg by a subscription started by See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

Claude See also:

• MONET, CLAUDE (184o- )

Monet (1890) . It was hung in 1897 among the Caillebotte collection, which included the " See also:

• BALCONY (Ital. balcone from balco, scaffold; cf. O. H. Ger. balcho, beam, Mod. Ger. Balken, Eng. balk)

Balcony," and a study of a See also:

• FEMALE

female head called " Angelina." This See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production, of a highly See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent individuality, secured Manet's exclusion from the Salon of 1866, so that he determined to exhibit his pictures in a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place apart during the See also:

• GREAT

Great Exhibition of 1867 . In a large See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery in the See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

Avenue de 1'See also:

• ALMA

Alma, See also:

• HALF

half of which was occupied by Courbet, he hung no fewer than fifty paintings . Only one important picture was absent, " The See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

Execution of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

Emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian "; its exhibition was prohibited by the authorities . From that time, in spite of the fierce hostility of some adversaries, Manet's See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and that of his supporters began to gain the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . His " See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

Young Girl " (Salon of 1868) was justly appreciated, as well as the portrait of Lola; but the " Balcony " and the " Breakfast " (1869) were as severely handled as the " Olympia " had been . In 187o he exhibited " The See also:

• MUSIC

Music See also:

• LESSON (through Fr. lecon from Lat. lectio, reading; legere, to read)

Lesson " and a portrait of Mlle E . Gonzales . Not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before the Franco-Prussian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, Manet, finding himself in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, with a friend, for the first time discovered the true value of open See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air to the effects of See also:

• PAINTING

painting in his picture " The See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden," which gave rise to the " open air " or plein air school .

After fighting as a See also:

• GUNNER, or MASTER GUNNER

gunner, he returned to his See also:

• FAMILY

family in the See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees, where he painted " The See also:

• BATTLE

Battle of the Kearsarge and the See also:

• ALABAMA

Alabama." His " Bon Bock" (1873) created a furore . But in 1875, as in 1869, there was a fresh outburst of abuse, this time of the " Railroad," " Polichinelle," and " See also:

• ARGENTEUIL

Argenteuil," and the jury excluded the artist, who for the second time arranged an exhibition in his studio . In 1877 his " See also:

• HAMLET

Hamlet " was admitted to the Salon, but " Nana" was rejected . The following See also:

• WORKS

works were exhibited at the Salon of 1881: " In the Conservatory," " In a See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

Boat," and the portraits of See also:

• ROCHEFORT
• ROCHEFORT, HENRI, MARQUIS DE

Rochefort and See also:

• PROUST, ANTONIN (1832–1905)
• PROUST, JOSEPH LOUIS (1754–1826)

Proust; and the See also:

• CROSS

Cross of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour was conferred on the painter on the 31st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December in that See also:

• YEAR

year . Manet died in Paris on the loth of See also:

• APRIL

April 1883 . He See also:

• LEFT

left, besides his pictures, a number of pastels and engravings . He illustrated See also:

• LES

Les Chats by Champfleury, and See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

Edgar See also:

• ALLAN, DAVID (1744–1796)
• ALLAN, SIR HUGH (1810–1882)
• ALLAN, SIR WILLIAM (1782–1850)

Allan See also:

• POE, EDGAR ALLAN (18og-1849)

Poe's The See also:

• RAVEN (O.E. hrafn, ,Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, Du. raaf, Ger. Rabe)

Raven . See Zola, Manet (Paris, 1867); E . See also:

• BAZIRE, CLAUDE (1764-1794)

Bazire, Manet (Paris, 1884); G . See also:

• GEFFROY, MATHIEU AUGUSTE (1820-1895)

Geffroy, La See also:

• VIE

Vie artistique (1893) . (H .