MANGROVE  . The remarkable " mangrove forests " which fringe tidal estuaries, overrun See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt marshes, and See also:

• LINE

line muddy coasts in the tropics of both Old and New Worlds, are composed of trees and shrubs belonging mainly to the Rhizophoraceae, but including, especially in the eastern mangrove formations of Further See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago, members of other orders of See also:

• DICOTYLEDONS

Dicotyledons, such as Lythraceae (Sonneratia), Verbenaceae (Avicennia), and the See also:

• ACAULESCENT (Lat. acaulescens, becoming stemless, from a, not, and caulis, a stem)

acaulescent Nipa-See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm . Their trunks and branches constantly emit See also:

• ADVENTITIOUS (from Lat. adventicius, coming from abroad)

adventitious roots, which, descending in arched See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, strike at some distance from the See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem, and send up new trunks, the See also:

• FOREST

forest thus spreading like a See also:

• BANYAN, or BANIAN (an Arab corruption, borrowed by the Portuguese from the Sanskrit vanij, " merchant ")

banyan See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

grove . An See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage in dispersal, very characteristic of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, is afforded by the seeds, which have a striking peculiarity of germination . While the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit is still attached to the parent See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long radicle emerges from the See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed and descends rapidly towards the mud, where it may even establish itself before falling off . Owing to its clubbed shape, this is always in the right position; the plumule then makes its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . An interesting feature of the mangrove is the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air-roots, erect or kneed branches of the roots, which project above the mud, and are provided with See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute openings (stomata or lenticels), into which the air passes and is then carried by means of passages in the soft spongy See also:

• TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave)

tissue to the roots which spread beneath the mud . The See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood of some See also:

• SPECIES

species is hard and durable, and the astringent bark is used in tanning . The fruit of the See also:

• COMMON

common mangrove, Rhizophora See also:

• MANGLE

Mangle, is sweet and wholesome, and yields a See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine .