DANIELE See also:

• DANIELE MANIN (1804–18J7)

MANIN (1804–18J7)  , Venetian patriot and states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, on the 13th of May 1804 . He was the son of a converted See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew, who took the name of See also:

• MANIN, DANIELE (1804–18J7)

Manin because that patrician See also:

• FAMILY

family stood sponsors to him, as the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom then was . He studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• PADUA (Lat. Patavium ; Ital. Padova)

Padua, and then practised at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar of his native See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . A man of See also:

• GREAT

great learning and a profound jurist, he was inspired from an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age with a deep hatred for See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . The heroic but foolhardy See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt of the See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers See also:

• BANDIERA, ATTILIO (1811—1844)

Bandiera, Venetians who had served in the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• NAVY

navy against the Neapolitan Bourbons in 1844, was the first event to cause an awakening of Venetian patriotism, and in 1847 Manin presented a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition to the Venetian See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation, a shadowy consultative See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly tolerated by Austria but without any See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, informing the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of the wants of the nation . He was arrested on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason (See also:

• JAN

Jan . 18, 1848), but this only served .to increase the agitation of the Venetians, who were beginning to know and love Manin . Two months later, when all See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and See also:

• HALF

half the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe were in the throes of revolution, the See also:

• PEOPLE

people forced See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Palffy, the Austrian See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, to See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release him (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 17) . The Austrians soon lost all See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the city, the See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal was seized by the revolutionists, and under the direction of Manin ,a civic guard and a provisional See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government were instituted . The Austrians evacuated Venice on the 26th of March, and I\Ianin became See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Venetian See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic . He was already in favour of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian unity, and though not anxious for See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation to See also:

• PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont (he would have preferred to invoke See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French aid), he gave way to the will of the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority, and resigned his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers to the Piedmontese commissioners on the 7th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August . But after the Piedmontese defeats in See also:

• LOMBARDY

Lombardy, and the See also:

• ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice by which See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert abandoned Lombardy and See also:

• VENETIA

Venetia to Austria, the Venetians attempted to See also:

• LYNCH, PATRICIO (1825–1886)

lynch the royal commissioners, whose lives Manin saved with difficulty; an assembly was summoned, and a triumvirate formed with Manin at its See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head .

Towards the end of 1848 the Austrians, having been heavily reinforced, reoccupied all the Venetian mainland; but the citizens, hard-pressed and threatened with a See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, showed the greatest devotion to the cause of freedom,all sharing in the dangers and hardships and all giving what they could afford to the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• TREASURY

treasury . Early in 1849 Manin was again chosen president of the republic, and conducted the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the city with great ability . After the defeat of Charles Albert's f.lorn See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope at See also:

• NOVARA

Novara in March the Venetian assembly voted "Resistance at all See also:

• COSTS

costs!" and granted Manin unlimited powers . Meanwhile the Austrian forces closed See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the city; but Manin showed an astonishing power of organization, in which he was ably seconded by the Neapolitan See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, Guglielmo See also:

• PEPE, GUGLIELMO (1783-1855)

Pepe . But on the 26th of May the Venetians were forced to abandon Fort Malghera, half-way between the city and the mainland; See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food was becoming scarce, on the 19th of See also:

• JUNE

June the See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine blew up, and in See also:

• JULY

July See also:

• CHOLERA (from the Gr. Xo)du, tile, and Map, to flow)

cholera See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out . Then the Austrian batteries began to See also:

• BOMBARD (derived through Med. Lat. and Fr. forms from Gr. (3oµ(3eiv, to make a humming noise)

bombard Venice itself, and when the Sardinian See also:

• FLEET

fleet withdrew from the Adriatic the city was also attacked by See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, while certain demagogues caused See also:

• INTERNAL

internal trouble . At last, on the 24th of August 1849, when all See also:

• PRO

pro-visions and See also:

• AMMUNITION

ammunition were exhausted, Manin, who had courted See also:

• DEATH

death in vain, succeeded in negotiating an See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable See also:

• CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation, on terms of See also:

• AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

amnesty to all See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save Manin himself, Pepe and some others, who were to go into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . On the 27th Manin See also:

• LEFT

left Venice for ever on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board a French See also:

• SHIP

ship . His wife died at See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles, and he himself reached See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris broken in See also:

• HEALTH

health and almost destitute, having spent all his See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune for Venice . In Paris he maintained himself by teaching and became a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader among the Italian exiles . There he became a convert from republicanism to monarchism, being convinced that only under the auspices of King See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel could Italy be freed, and together with Giorgio Pallavicini and Giuseppe La See also:

• FARINA, SALVATORE (1846– )

Farina he founded the Society Nazionale Italiana with the See also:

• OBJECT

object of propagating the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of unity under the Piedmontese See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . His last years were embittered by the terrible sufferings of his daughter, who died in 1854, and he himself died on the 22nd of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1857, and was buried in Ary See also:

• SCHEFFER, ARY (1795-1858)

Scheffer's family See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb .

In 1868, two years after the Austrians finally departed from Venice, his remains were brought to his native city and honoured with a public funeral . Manin was a man of the greatest honesty, and possessed genuinely statesmanlike qualities . He believed in Italian unity when most men, even See also:

• CAVOUR (anc. Caburrum or Forum Vibii)
• CAVOUR, CAMILLO BENSO, COUNT (1810–18.61)

Cavour, regarded it as a vain thing, and his See also:

• WORK

work of propaganda by means of the See also:

• NATIONAL

National Society greatly contributed to the success of the cause . See A . Errera, Vita di D . Manin (Venice, 1872) ; P. de la Farge, Documents, &c., de D . Manin (Paris, 186o) ; See also:

• HENRI

Henri See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin, D . Manin (Paris, 1859) ; V . Marchesi, Settant' anni della storia di Venezia (See also:

• TURIN

Turin) and an excellent monograph in Countess Martinengo Cesaresco's Italian Characters (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1901) .