MANITOWOC (

See also:

• INDIAN

Indian, " Spirit-

See also:

• LAND

land")  , a city and the county-seat of Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, on the W. shore of Lake Michigan, 75 M . N. of Milwaukee . Pop . (1890), 7710; (1900), 11,786, of whom 2998 were foreign-born; (1910 census), 13,027 . It is served by the Chicago & North-Western, and the Wisconsin Central railways; by ferry across the lake to Frankfort, Mich., and Ludington, Mich.; by the Ann Arbor and the Pere Marquette railways; and by the Goodrich line of lake steamers . The city is finely situated on high ground above the lake at the mouth of the Manitowoc river . At Manitowoc are the county insane asylum and a Polish orphan asylum . The city has a training school for county teachers, a business college, two hospitals and a Carnegie library . There are ship-yards for the construction of both steel and wooden vessels, and several grain elevators . The value of the factory products increased from $1,935,442 in 190o to $4,427,816 in 1905, or 128.8 per cent.—a greater increase than that of any other city in the state during this period . There is a good harbour, and the city has a considerable lake commerce in grain, flour, and dairy products . Jacques Vieau established here a post for the North-west Company of fur traders in 1795 .

The first permanent

settlement was made about 1836, and Manitowoc was chartered as a city in 1870 . In Manitowoc county, r8 m. south-west of the city of Manitowoc, is St Nazianz, an unorganized village near which in 1854 a colony or community of German Roman Catholics was established under the leadership of Father Ambrose Oswald, the primary object being to enable poor people by combination and co-operation to supply themselves with the comforts of life at minimum expense and have as much time as possible left for religious thought and worship . The title of the colony's land was vested in Father Oswald after the panic of 1857 until his death in 1874, when he devised the lands to " the colony founded by me." The colony had no legal existence at the time, but was then incorporated as the " Roman Catholic Religious Society of St Nazianz," and as such sued successfully for the bequest . Financially the colony was successful, but as there were some desertions and no new recruits after Father Oswald's death, there were few members by 1909 . There are no longer any traces of communism, and the colony's property is actually held by an organization of the local Roman Catholic church .