See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

HORACE See also:

• HORACE MANN (1796-1859)

MANN (1796-1859)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American educationist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 4th of May 1796 . His childhood and youth were passed in poverty, and his See also:

• HEALTH

health was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early impaired by hard See also:

• MANUAL

manual labour . His only means for gratifying his eager See also:

• DESIRE

desire for books was the small library founded in his. native See also:

• TOWN

town by See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin Franklin and consisting principally of histories and See also:

• TREATISES

treatises on See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty he was fitted, in six months, for See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college, and in 1819, graduated with highest honours, from the See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown University at See also:

• PROVIDENCE

Providence, Rhode See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island, having devoted himself so unremittingly to his studies as to weaken further his naturally feeble constitution . He then studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at Wrentham, Massachusetts; was See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in Latin and See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek (182o-1822) and librarian (1821-1823) at Brown University; studied during 182I-1823 in the famous law school conducted by See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

Judge See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

Gould at See also:

• LITCHFIELD

Litchfield, See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut; and in 1823 was admitted to the See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk (See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass.) See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . For fourteen years, first at See also:

• DEDHAM

Dedham, Massachusetts, and after 1833 at See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, he devoted himself, with See also:

• GREAT

great success, to his profession . Meanwhile he served, with conspicuous ailbity, in the Massachusetts See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Representatives from 1827 to 1833 and in the Massachusetts See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate See also:

• MANNA

MANNA 587 from 1833 to 1837 , for the last two years as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president . It was not until he became secretary (1837) of the newly created See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• EDUCATION

education of Massachusetts, that be began the See also:

• WORK

work which was soon to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place him in the foremost See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of American educationists . He held this position till 1848, and worked with a remarkable intensity—holding teachers' conventions, delivering numerous lectures and addresses, carrying on an extensive See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence, introducing numerous reforms, planning and inaugurating the Massachusetts normal school See also:

• SYSTEM

system, See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding and editing The See also:

• COMMON

Common School See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal (1838), and preparing a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual Reports, which had a wide circulation and are still considered as being " among the best expositions, if, indeed, they are not the very best ones, of the See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical benefits of a common school education both to the individual and to the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state " (Hinsdale) . The practical result of his work ,was the virtual revolutionizing of the common school system of Massachusetts, and indirectly of the common school systems of other states . In carrying out his work he met with See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter opposition, being attacked particularly by certain school-masters of Boston who strongly disapproved of his pedagogical theories and innovations, and by various religious sectaries, who contended against the exclusion of all sectarian instruction from the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . He answered these attacks in See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, sometimes perhaps with unnecessary vehemence and rancour, but he never faltered in his work, and, an optimist by nature, a See also:

• DISCIPLE

disciple of his friend See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• COMBE, ANDREW (1797-1847)
• COMBE, GEORGE (1788-1858)
• COMBE, or COOMB
• COMBE, WILLIAM (1741–1823)

Combe (q.v.), and a believer in the indefinite improvability of mankind, he was sustained throughout by his conviction that nothing could so much benefit the See also:

• RACE

race, morally, intellectually and materially, as education .

Resigning the secretaryship in 1848, he was elected to the See also:

• NATIONAL

national House of Representatives as an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery Whig to succeed See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• QUINCY
• QUINCY, JOSIAH (1744–1775)

Quincy See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams, and was re-elected in 1849, and, as an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate, in 185o, serving until See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1853 . In 1852 he was the candidate of the See also:

• FREE

Free-soilers for the governorship of Massachusetts, but was defeated . In See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress he was one of the ablest opponents of slavery, contending particularly against the See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

Compromise See also:

• MEASURES

Measures of 185o, but he was never technically an Abolitionist and he disapproved of the Radicalism of See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

Garrison and his followers . From 1853 until his See also:

• DEATH

death, on the second of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1859, he was president of the newly established See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch College at Yellow Springs, See also:

• OHIO

Ohio, where he taught See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ECONOMY

economy, intellectual and moral See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, and natural theology . The college received insufficient See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial support and suffered from the attacks of religious sectaries—he himself was charged with insincerity because, previously a Unitarian, he joined the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Connexion, by which the college was founded—but he earned the love of his students, and by his many addresses exerted a beneficial See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence upon education in the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West . A collected edition of See also:

• MANN, HORACE (1796-1859)

Mann's writings, together with a memoir (I vol.) by his second wife, See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• PEABODY
• PEABODY, ANDREW PRESTON (1811–1893)
• PEABODY, ELIZABETH PALMER (1804-1894)
• PEABODY, GEORGE (1795-1869)

Peabody Mann, a See also:

• SISTER

sister of See also:

• MISS

Miss E . P . Peabody, was published (in 5 vols. at Boston in 1867-1891) as the See also:

• LIFE

Life and See also:

• WORKS

Works of See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace Mann . Of subsequent See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies the best is probably See also:

• BURKE
• BURKE, ROBERT
• BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD (1814–1892)
• BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829)

Burke A . Hinsdale's Horace Mann and the Common School Revival in the See also:

• UNITED

United States (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1898), in " The Great Educators " series . Among other biographies O . H .

See also:

• LANG, ANDREW (1844— )
• LANG, KARL HEINRICH, RITTER VON (1764-1835)

Lang's Horace Mann, his Life and Work (New York, 1893), See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert E . Winship's Horace Mann, the Educator (Boston, 1896), and George A . Hubbell's Life of Horace Mann, Educator, Patriot and Reformer (See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 191o), may be mentioned . In vol . I. of the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report for 1895-1896 of the United States See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of education There is a detailed " Bibliography of Horace Mann," containing more than 70o titles .