See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY See also:

• LONGUEVILLE
• LONGUEVILLE, ANNE GENEVIEVE, DUCHESSE DE (1619—1679)

LONGUEVILLE See also:

• HENRY LONGUEVILLE MANSEL (1820-1871)

MANSEL (1820-1871)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Cosgrove, See also:

• NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Northamptonshire (where his See also:

• FATHER

father, also See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• LONGUEVILLE
• LONGUEVILLE, ANNE GENEVIEVE, DUCHESSE DE (1619—1679)

Longueville See also:

• MANSEL, HENRY LONGUEVILLE (1820-1871)

Mansel, See also:

• FOURTH

fourth son of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Mansel, was See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector), on the 6th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 182o . He was educated at See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

Merchant Taylors' School and St John's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford . He took a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double first in 1843, and became See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor of his college . He was appointed reader in moral and metaphysical See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at Magdalen College in 1855, and See also:

• WAYNFLETE, WILLIAM (1395-1486)

Waynflete See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor in 1859 . He was a See also:

• GREAT

great opponent of university reform and of the Hegelianism which was then beginning to take See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root in Oxford . In 1867 he succeeded A . P . See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley as professor of ecclesiastical See also:

• HISTORY

history, and in 1868 he was appointed See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's . He died on the 31st of See also:

• JULY

July 1871 . The philosophy of Mansel, like that of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, was mainly due to See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle, See also:

• KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804)

Kant and See also:

• REID, ROBERT (1862– )
• REID, SIR GEORGE (1841- )
• REID, SIR ROBERT GILLESPIE (184o-19o8)
• REID, SIR WILLIAM (1791-1858)
• REID, THOMAS (1710-1796)
• REID, THOMAS MAYNE (1818-1883)
• REID, WHITELAW (1837- )

Reid . Like Hamilton, Mansel maintained the purely formal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

logic, the duality of consciousness as testifying to both self and the See also:

• EXTERNAL

external See also:

• WORLD

world, and the See also:

• LIMITATION, STATUTES OF

limitation of knowledge to the finite and " conditioned." His doctrines were See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in his edition of See also:

• ALDRICH, HENRY (1647-1710)
• ALDRICH, NELSON WILMARTH (1841- )
• ALDRICH, THOMAS BAILEY (1836-1907)

Aldrich's Artis logicae rudimenta (1849)—his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief contribution to the reviving study of Aristotle—and in his Prolegomena logica: an Inquiry into the Psychological Character of Logical Processes (1851, 2nd ed. enlarged 1862), in which the limits of logic as the " See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of formal thinking " are rigorously deter-See also:

• MINED

mined . In his See also:

• BAMPTON, JOHN (c. 169o-1751)

Bampton lectures on The Limits of Religious Thought (1858, 5th ed .

1867; Danish trans . 1888) he applied to See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology the metaphysical See also:

• AGNOSTICISM

agnosticism which seemed to result from Kant's See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, and which had been developed in Hamilton's Philosophy of the Unconditioned . While denying all knowledge of the supersensuous, Mansel deviated from Kant in contending that See also:

• COGNITION (Latin cognitio, from cognoscere, to become acquainted with)

cognition of the ego as it really is is itself a fad of experience . Consciousness, he held—agreeing thus with the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of " natural See also:

• REALISM (from Low Lat. realis, appertaining to res, things, as opposed to ideas and imaginations)

realism " which Hamilton developed from Reid—implies knowledge both of self and of the external world . The latter Mansel's See also:

• PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGY (>Guxrl, the mind or soul, and X yos, theory)

psychology reduces to consciousness of our organism as extended; with the former is given consciousness of See also:

• FREE

free will and moral See also:

• OBLIGATION

obligation . A See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of his philosophy is contained in his See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article " See also:

• META

Meta-physics " in the 8th edition of the See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Britannica (separately published, 186o) . Manserwrote also The Philosophy of the Conditioned (1866) in reply to See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill's criticism of Hamilton; Letters, Lectures, and Reviews (ed . See also:

• CHANDLER, HENRY WILLIAM (1828-1889)
• CHANDLER, RICHARD (1738-1810)
• CHANDLER, SAMUEL (1693-1766)
• CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH (1813-1879)

Chandler, 1873), and, The Gnostic Heresies (ed . J . B . See also:

• LIGHTFOOT, JOHN (1602-1675)
• LIGHTFOOT, JOSEPH BARBER (1828-1889)

Lightfoot, 1875, with a See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• CARNARVON
• CARNARVON, EARLDOM OF

Carnarvon) . He wrote a commentary on the first two gospels in the See also:

• SPEAKER

Speaker's Commentary .

See J . W . See also:

• BURGON, JOHN WILLIAM (1813-1888)

Burgon, Lives of Twelve See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good Men (1888—188e) ; See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• MARTINEAU, HARRIET (1802-1876)
• MARTINEAU, JAMES (1805-1900)

Martineau, Essays, Reviews and Addresses (See also:

• LONDON

London,1891), 117 seq . ; A . W . See also:

• BEAN (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Bohne)

Bean, History of See also:

• RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

Rationalism (1906), ii . 100—112; See also:

• MASSON, DAVID (1822–1907)
• MASSON, LOUIS CLAUDE FREDERIC (1847– )

Masson, See also:

• RECENT

Recent See also:

• BRITISH

British Philosophy (3rd ed., London, 1877), pp . 2g2 seq . ; Sir See also:

• LESLIE
• LESLIE, CHARLES (1650-1722)
• LESLIE, CHARLES ROBERT (1794–1859)
• LESLIE, FRED [FREDERICK HOBSON] (1855–1892)
• LESLIE, SIR JOHN (1766-1832)
• LESLIE, THOMAS EDWARD CLIFFE (1827-1882)

Leslie See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen in Dict . Nat . Biog.of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne from 1558 to 1562 . A See also:

• SCION

scion of another See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Mansfelds was See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

Ernst, See also:

• FURST, JULIUS (1805-1873)

Furst von See also:

• MANSFELD

Mansfeld (1517-1604), See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg, who unlike his kinsmen was loyal to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V .

He went with the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor to See also:

• TUNIS

Tunis and fought for him in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . He was equally loyal to his son, See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, whom he served at St Quentin and in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands . He distinguished himself in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field and found See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead a See also:

• BODY

body of troops to aid the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France against the See also:

• HUGUENOTS

Huguenots . In this capacity he was See also:

• PRESENT

present in 1569 at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Moncontour, where another member of his See also:

• FAMILY

family, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Wolrad of Mansfeld (d . 1578) was among the Huguenot leaders . The Mansfeld family became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct in 1780 on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Josef See also:

• WENZEL, KARL FRIEDRICH (1740-1793)

Wenzel See also:

• NEPOMUK (or Pollux), JOHN OF

Nepomuk, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• FONDI (anc. Fundi)

Fondi, the lands being divided between See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony and See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . See L . F . Niemann, Geschichte der Grafen von Mansfeld (See also:

• ASCHERSLEBEN

Aschersleben, 1834) . M'ANSFELD, ERNST, See also:

• GRAF, ARTURO (1848– )
• GRAF, KARL HEINRICH (1815–1869)

GRAF VON (c . 158o-1626), See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German soldier, was an illegitimate son of Peter Ernst, Furst von Mansfeld, and passed his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years in his father's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace at Luxemburg . Ile gained his earliest military experiences in See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, where his See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother Charles (1543–1595) also a soldier of renown, held a high command in the imperial See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army .

Later he served under the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

Archduke See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold, until that prince's ingratitude, real or fancied, drove him into the arms of the enemies of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG

Habsburg . Although remaining a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic he allied himself with the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant princes, and during the earlier See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War he was one of their foremost champions . He was despatched by Charles See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of about 2000 men to aid the revolting Bohemians when war See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out in 1618 . He took See also:

• PILSEN (Czech, Plzen)

Pilsen, but in the summer of 1619 he was defeated at Zablat; after this he offered his services to the emperor See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand II. and remained inactive while the titular king of Bohemia, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick V., elector See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, was driven in headlong rout from See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague . Mansfeld, however, was soon appointed by Frederick to command his army in Bohemia, and in 1621 he took up his position in the Upper See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate, successfully resisting the efforts made by See also:

• TILLY, JOHANN TZERCLAES, COUNT OF (1559-1632)

Tilly to dislodge him . From the Upper he passed into See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile Rhenish Palatinate . Here he relieved See also:

• FRANKENTHAL

Frankenthal and took See also:

• HAGENAU

Hagenau; then, joined by his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, the elector Frederick, he defeated Tilly at Wiesloch in See also:

• APRIL

April 1622 and plundered See also:

• ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace and See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse . But Mansfeld's ravages were not confined to the lands of his enemies; they were ruinous to the districts he was commissioned to defend . At length Frederick was obliged to dismiss Mansfeld's troops from his service . Then joining Christian of See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick the count led his army through See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine, devastating the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country as he went, and in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1622 defeating the Spaniards at See also:

• FLEURUS

Fleurus . He next entered the service of the See also:

• UNITED

United Provinces and took up his quarters in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, capturing fortresses and inflicting' great hardships upon the inhabitants . A See also:

• MERCENARY (Lat. mercenarius, from merces, reward, gain)

mercenary and a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of mercenaries, Mansfeld often interrupted his See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns by journeys made for the purpose of raising See also:

• MONEY

money, or in other words of selling his services to the highest See also:

• BIDDER, GEORGE PARKER (1806-1878)

bidder, and in these See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic matters he showed considerable skill .

About 1624 he paid three visits to London, where he was hailed as a See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero by the populace, and at least one to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . James I. was anxious to furnish him with men and money for the recovery of the palatinate, but it was not until See also:

• JANUARY

January 1625 that Mansfeld and his army of " raw and poor rascals " sailed from See also:

• DOVER
• DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE
• DOVER, HENRY JERMYN, EARL OF (c. 1636-1708)
• DOVER, ROBERT (1575-1641)

Dover to the Netherlands . Later in the See also:

• YEAR

year, the Thirty Years' War having been renewed under the leadership of Christian IV., king of See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark, he re-entered See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany to take part therein . But on the 25th of April 1626 See also:

• WALLENSTEIN (properly WALDSTEIN), ALBRECHT WENZEL EUSEBIUS VON

Wallenstein inflicted a severe defeat upon him at the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of See also:

• DESSAU

Dessau . Mansfeld, however, quickly raised another army, with which he intended to attack the hereditary lands of the house of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, and pursued by Wallenstein he pressed forward towards, Hungary, where he hoped to accomplish his purpose .by the aid of Bethlem Gabor, prince of Transylvania . But when Gabor changed his policy and made See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with the emperor; Mansfeld was compelled to disband his troops .