FREIHERR VON See also:

• EDWIN, AEDUINI
• EDWIN, JOHN (1749–1790)

EDWIN See also:

• FREIHERR VON EDWIN MANTEUFFEL (1809-1885)

MANTEUFFEL (1809-1885)  , Prussian See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, son of the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden on the 24th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1809 . He was brought up with his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin, See also:

• OTTO

Otto von See also:

• MANTEUFFEL, EDWIN, FREIHERR VON (1809-1885)

Manteuffel (1805-1882), the Prussian statesman, entered the guard See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin in 1827, and became an officer in 1828 . After attending the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy for two years, and serving successively 'as aide-de-See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp to General von Mu See also:

• LING, PER HENRIK (1776-1839)

ling and to See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, he was promoted See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in 1843 and See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major in 1848, when he became aide-de-camp to See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William IV., whose confidence he had gained during the revolutionary See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement in Berlin . Promoted See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel in' 1852, and colonel to command the 5th Uhlans in 1.853, he. was sent on important See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna and St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg . In 1857 he became major-general and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the military See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . He gave hearty support to the prince See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent's plans for the re-organization of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . In 1861 he was violently attacked in a pamphlet by Karl Twesten (182o-i87o), a Liberal See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, whomwhich See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank he was promoted on the See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation of William I., Oct . 18, 1861) in the Danish war of 1864, and at its conclusion was appointed See also:

• CIVIL

civil and military See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

Schleswig . In the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian War of 1866 he first occupied See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein and afterwards commanded a See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division under See also:

• VOGEL, EDUARD (1829-1856)
• VOGEL, SIR JULIUS (1835-1899)

Vogel von Falkenstein in the Hanoverian See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, and succeeded him, in See also:

• JULY

July, in command of the Army of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main (see SEVEN See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

WEEKS' WAR) . His successful operations ended with the occupation of See also:

• WURZBURG

Wurzburg, and he received the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order pour le Write . He was, however, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his monarchist See also:

• POLITICAL

political views and almost bigoted See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholicism, regarded by the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as a reactionary, and, unlike the other army commanders, he was not granted a See also:

• MONEY

money See also:

• REWARD

reward for his services . He then went on a diplomatic See also:

• MISSION

mission to St Petersburg, where he was persona grata, and succeeded in gaining See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia's assent to the new position in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany .

On returning he was gazetted to the colonelcy of the 5th Dragoons . He was appointed to the command of the IX . (Schleswig-Holstein) army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps in 1866 . But having formerly exercised both civil and military See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control in the See also:

• ELBE (the Albis of the Romans and the Labe of the Czechs)

Elbe duchies he was unwilling to be a purely military See also:

• COMMANDER

commander under one of his See also:

• LATE

late civil subordinates, and retired from the army for a See also:

• YEAR

year . In 1868, however, he returned to active service . In the Franco-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German War of 1870-71 he commanded the I. corps under See also:

• STEINMETZ, KARL FRIEDRICH VON (1796-1877)

Steinmetz, distinguishing himself in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• COLOMBEY

Colombey-Neuilly, and in the repulse of See also:

• BAZAINE, ACHILLE FRANCOIS (1811–1888)

Bazaine at Noisseville (see FRANCO-GERMAN WAR; and See also:

• METZ

METZ) . He succeeded Steinmetz in See also:

• OCTOBER

October in the command of the I. army, won the battle of See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens against General Farre, and occupied See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, but was less fortunate against See also:

• FAIDHERBE, LOUIS LEON CESAR (1818–1889)

Faidherbe at See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont Noyelles and Bapaume . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1871 he commanded the newly formed Army of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South, which he led, in spite of hard See also:

• FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
• FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)

frost, through the Cote d'Or and over the See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau of See also:

• LANGRES

Langres, cut off See also:

• BOURBAKI, CHARLES DENIS SAUTER (1816-1897)

Bourbaki's army of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east (8o,000 men), and, after the See also:

• ACTION

action of See also:

• PONTARLIER

Pontarlier, compelled it to See also:

• CROSS

cross the Swiss frontier, where it was disarmed . His immediate reward was the See also:

• GRAND

Grand Cross of the order of the See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron Cross, and at the conclusion of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace he received the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

Eagle . When the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern Army was disbanded Manteuffel commanded first the II. army, and, from See also:

• JUNE

June 1871 until 1873, the army of occupation See also:

• LEFT

left in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, showing See also:

• GREAT

great tact in a difficult position . On leaving France at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the occupation, the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor promoted Manteuffel to the rank of general field Marshal and awarded him a large See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant in money, and about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander II. of Russia gave him the order of St See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew . After this he was employed on several diplomatic missions, was for a time governor of Berlin, and in 1879, perhaps, as was commonly reported, because he was considered by See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck as a formidable See also:

• RIVAL

rival, he was appointed governor-general of See also:

• ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace-See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine; and this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he exercised—more in the spirit, some said, of a Prussian than of a German. See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official—until his See also:

• DEATH

death at See also:

• CARLSBAD

Carlsbad, Bohemia, on' the 17th of June 1885 .

See lives by v . Collas (Berlin, 1874), and K . H . Keck (See also:

• BIELEFELD

Bielefeld and See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 189o) .