THE See also:

• THE MARCHES (It. Le Marche)

MARCHES (It. Le See also:

• MARCHE
• MARCHE, or LA MARCHE

Marche)  , a territorial See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, embracing the provinces of See also:

• PESARO (anc. Pisaurum, q.v.)

Pesaro and See also:

• URBINO (anc. Urvinum Mataurense)

Urbino, See also:

• ANCONA
• ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )

Ancona, See also:

• MACERATA

Macerata, and See also:

• ASCOLI
• ASCOLI, GRAZIADIO ISAIA (1829–1907)

Ascoli Piceno, with an See also:

• AREA

area of 3763 sq. m., and a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of 1,088,763 in Igor . It is bounded by the See also:

• EMILIA

Emilia on the N., the Adriatic on the E., the Abruzzi on the S., and See also:

• UMBRIA
• UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

Umbria and See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany on the W . The four provinces follow one another in the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order given from See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and have a certain amount of See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast-See also:

• LINE

line . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, all of which run into the Adriatic See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east-wards and north-eastwards, are the Metauro (anc . Metaurus, q.v.) and the Tronto (anc . Truentus), the latter forming the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern boundary of the compartimento for some distance . Except for the See also:

• RIVER

river valleys and the often very narrow coast See also:

• STRIP

strip, the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general level is more than 500 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . The See also:

• LOWER

lower hills are very largely composed of loose, clayey, unstable See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, while the See also:

• APENNINES (Gr. 'A1T- vvLvos, Lat. Appenninus—in both cases used in the singular)

Apennines are of See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone . The See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Pesaro and Urbino falls within the boundaries of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Umbria (q.v.), while the territory of the other three belonged to See also:

• PICENUM

Picenum (q.v.) . The railway from See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna to See also:

• BRINDISI (anc. Brundisium, q.v.)

Brindisi runs along the coast-line of the entire territory . At Ancona it is joined by the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main line from See also:

• FOLIGNO (anc. Fulginiae, q.v.)

Foligno and See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome; at See also:

• PORTO

Porto Civitanova is a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch to Macerata, See also:

• SAN

San Severino and See also:

• FABRIANO

Fabriano (a station on the line from Ancona to Rome and the junction for Urbino); at Porto S . Giorgio is a branch to See also:

• FERMO (anc. 1%irmum Picenum)

Fermo and, at Porto d'Ascoli, a branch to Ascoli Piceno .

But, with the exception of the railway along the coast, there is no communication north and south, owing to the mountainous nature of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, except by somewhat devious roads . Owing largely to the mezzadria or metayer See also:

• SYSTEM

system, under which products are equally divided between the owners and the cultivators of the See also:

• LAND

land, the See also:

• SOIL

soil is fairly highly cultivated, though naturally poor in quality . The See also:

• SILK

silk See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries, making of See also:

• STRAW

straw-See also:

• PLAIT (through O. Fr. pleit, from Lat. plicitum, folded, plicare, to fold)

plait and straw hats, tearing of silkworms and cocoons, with some See also:

• SUGAR

sugar-refining, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta manufacture, See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-See also:

• WORKS

works and ironworks, furnish the chief occupations of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people next after See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture and See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral pursuits . Another important J See also:

• RANCH

ranch of activity is the See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, especially at Fabriano . Chiaravalle possesses one of the largest tobacco factories of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian regie . Limestone quarries and See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur mines See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone and sulphur to the regions of central Italy; See also:

• CHALK

chalk and See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum are also found . As regards maritime See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade the province possesses facilities in the See also:

• PORT

port of Ancona (the only really See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, where are also important See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding works), the See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal ports of Senegallia (Sinigaglia), Pesaro, See also:

• FANO (anc. Fanum Fortunae, q.v.)

Fano and other smaller harbours chiefly used by fishing boats . Fishing is carried on by the entire coast population, which furnishes a large contingent of sailors to the Italian See also:

• NAVY

navy . For the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history of the territory of the See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

Marches see PICENUM . From the Carolingian See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period onwards the name See also:

• MARCA, PIERRE DE (1594-1662)

Marca begins to appear—first the Marca Fermana for the mountainous See also:

• PART

part of Picenum, the Marca Camerinese for the See also:

• DISTRICT

district farther north, including a part of Umbria, and the Marca Anconitana for the former Pentapolis . In lo8o the Marca Anconitana was given in See also:

• INVESTITURE (Late Lat. investitura)

investiture to See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Guiscard by See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory VII., to whom the countess See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda ceded the Marches of See also:

• CAMERINO (anc. Camerinum)

Camerino and of Fermo . In 1105 we find the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. investing See also:

• WERNER, ABRAHAM GOTTLOB (1750-1817)
• WERNER, ANTON ALEXANDER VON (1843– )
• WERNER, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG ZACHARIAS (1768–1823)

Werner with the whole territory of the three marches under the name of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March of Ancona .

It was afterwards once more recovered by the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church and governed by papal legates . It became part of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Italy in 186o . The pictorial See also:

• ART

art of the Marches from the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century onwards has become the See also:

• OBJECT

object of considerable See also:

• INTEREST

interest since the important See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition held at Macerata in 1905, when many interesting works, scattered all over the district in small towns and villages, were brought together . The result was something of a See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation, for, though the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Umbria was always considerable, there were many See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent elements (see F . M . See also:

• PERKINS, CHARLES CALLAHAN (1823-1886)
• PERKINS, JACOB (1766-1849)

Perkins in Rassegna d' Arte, 1906, 49 sqq.) .. (T .