See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM LEARNED See also:

• WILLIAM LEARNED MARCY (1786-1857)

MARCY (1786-1857)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• SOUTHBRIDGE

Southbridge (then See also:

• PART

part of Sturbridge), See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 12th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1786 . He graduated at See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown University in 18o8, studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar in See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and began practice there in 181o . During the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 1812 he served first as a See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant and after-wards as a See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain of See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers, and on the 22nd of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1812 took part in the storming of the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• POST

post at St Regis, See also:

• CANADA

Canada . In 1816 he became See also:

• RECORDER
• RECORDER, FIPPLE FLUTE

recorder of Troy, but as he sidedwith the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

Anti-See also:

• CLINTON
• CLINTON, DE WITT (1769-1828)
• CLINTON, GEORGE (1739-1812)
• CLINTON, HENRY FYNES (1781-1852)
• CLINTON, SIR HENRY (c. 1738-1795)

Clinton See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction of the Democratic-Republican Party, known as the " Bucktails," he was removed from See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in 1818 by his See also:

• POLITICAL

political opponents . As editor of the Troy See also:

• BUDGET (originally from a Gallic word meaning sack, latinized as bulga, leather wallet or bag, thence in O. Fr. bougette, from which the Eng. form is derived)

Budget (daily) he was a vigorous supporter of See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin See also:

• VAN

Van Buren, and when Van Buren's followers acquired See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the legislature in 1821 See also:

• MARCY, WILLIAM LEARNED (1786-1857)

Marcy was made See also:

• ADJUTANT (from Lat. adjutare, to aid)

adjutant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the New York See also:

• MILITIA (Fr. milice, Ger. Miliz, from Lat. miles, soldier, militia, military service)

militia . From 1823 to 1829 Marcy was See also:

• COMPTROLLER

comptroller of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, an office then especially important on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the large expenditures for See also:

• INTERNAL

internal improvements, and during this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he became the leading member of the famous " See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany Regency," a See also:

• GROUP

group of able Democratic politicians who exerted a powerful See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence throughout the state by their control of the party patronage and machinery . He was one of the See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate justices of the New York Supreme See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court from 1829 to 1831, presiding over the trial of the alleged murderers of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• MORGAN
• MORGAN, DANIEL (1736-1802)
• MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON (1811-1883)
• MORGAN, JOHN HUNT (1825-1864)
• MORGAN, JOHN PIERPONT (1837–1913)
• MORGAN, LEWIS HENRY (1818-1881)
• MORGAN, SYDNEY, LADY (c. 1783-1859)
• MORGAN, THOMAS (d. 1743)

Morgan and in other important cases; and was a member of the See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate from December 1831 to See also:

• JULY

July 1832, when he resigned to become See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of New York . In a speech in the Senate defending Van Buren against an attack by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay, Marcy made the unfortunate remark that " to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy," and thereby became widely known as a See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion of the proscription of political opponents . He served as governor of New York for six years (See also:

• JAN

Jan . 1, 1833 to Dec . 31, 1838), but was defeated in 1838 by the Whig See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate, William H . See also:

• SEWARD, ANNA (1747-1809)
• SEWARD, WILLIAM HENRY (180r-1872)

Seward .

As governor he checked the issue of See also:

• BANK

bank charters by the legislature and secured the enactment, in 1838, of a general banking law, which abolished the See also:

• MONOPOLY (Gr. govomeXla or govoircaXwv, exclusive sale, from govds, alone, and irwXeiv, to sell)

monopoly features incident to the old banking See also:

• SYSTEM

system . In 1839-1842 Marcy was a member of a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission appointed by See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President Van Buren, in accordance with the treaty of 1839 between the United States and See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico to " examine and decide upon " certain claims of citizens of the United States against Mexico . In 1843 he presided over the Democratic state See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention at See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse, and in 1844-1845 he was recognized as one of the leaders of the " Hunkers," or See also:

• REGULAR

regular Democrats in New York, and an active opponent of the " See also:

• BARN

Barn-burners." He was secretary of war under President See also:

• POLK, JAMES KNOX (179 1849)
• POLK, LEONIDAS (1806-1864)

Polk from 1845 to 1849, and as such discharged with ability the especially onerous duties incident to the conduct of the Mexican War; he became involved, however, in controversies with Generals See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott and See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor, who accused him, it seems very unjustly, of seeking to embarrass their operations in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field because they were political opponents of the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . In the Democratic convention at See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore, in 1852, Marcy was a prominent candidate for the presidential nomination, and from 1853 to 1857 he was secretary of state in the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet of President See also:

• PIERCE, FRANKLIN (1804—1869)

Pierce . Few cabinet See also:

• OFFICERS

officers in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace have had more See also:

• ENGROSSING

engrossing duties . His circular of the 1st of See also:

• JUNE

June 1853 to American See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic agents abroad, recommending that, whenever practicable, they should " appear in the See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress of an American See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen," created much discussion in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe; in 1867 his recommendation was enacted into a law of See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress . One of the most important matters with which he was called upon to See also:

• DEAL

deal was the " Koszta Affair ";1 his " Hulsemann See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter " (1853), is an important 1 The " Koszta Affair " involved an interesting question of inter-See also:

• NATIONAL

national law—i.e. the right of an See also:

• ALIEN (Lat. alienus)

alien domiciled in any See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of that country—and has served as a precedent for the American See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in somewhat similar cases that have arisen . Martin Koszta, a Hungarian revolutionist of 1848, had emigrated to the United States and had there taken the preliminary step for See also:

• NATURALIZATION

naturalization by formally declaring his intention to become a citizen of the United States . In 1853 he went on See also:

• PERSONAL

personal business to See also:

• SMYRNA (Ismir)

Smyrna, where he secured a See also:

• PASSPORT

passport from the American See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul; the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian consul, however, caused him to be seized and detained on an Austrian brig-of-war . Soon afterward Captain See also:

• DUNCAN
• DUNCAN, ADAM DUNCAN, 1ST VISCOUNT (1731-1804)
• DUNCAN, PETER MARTIN (1824-1891)
• DUNCAN, THOMAS (1807—1845)

Duncan N . Ingraham (1802–1891), in command of a United States See also:

• SLOOP

sloop-of-war, arrived at Smyrna, and threatened to attack the Austrian See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel unless Koszta were released; and as a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise Koszta was placed in the custody of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French consul . To See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

Chevalier Hillsemann, then representing See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, who had demanded from the United States the disavowal of the acts of its agents, the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete surrender of .

Koszta, and " See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction proportionate to the magnitude of the See also:

• OUTRAGE (through O. Fr. ultrage, oltrage, oultrage, from Lat. ultra, beyond, exceeding, cf. Ital. oltraggio; the meaning has been influenced by connexion with " rage," anger)

outrage,' Marcy wrote on the 26th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1853, that Koszta " when seized and imprisoned was invested with the See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality of the United States " and had a right to the protection of the United States government, and added: " Whenever by the law of nations an individual becomes clothed with our national state See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, and the principles it enunciates have been approved by leading authorities on See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international law . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year he secured the negotiation of the See also:

• GADSDEN, CHRISTOPHER (1724-1805)
• GADSDEN, JAMES (1788-1858)

Gadsden Treaty (see GADSDEN, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES), by which the boundary dispute between Mexico and the United States was adjusted and a large See also:

• AREA

area was added to the Federal domain; and in June 1854 he concluded with See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ELGIN

Elgin, governor-general of Canada, acting for the British Government, a treaty designed to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle the See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries question and providing for See also:

• TARIFF (adapted in English from the French; the word comes through the Spanish tarifa, a list or schedule of prices, from the Arabic, ta'rifa, information, an inventory, 'arf, know-ledge)

tariff See also:

• RECIPROCITY (Lat. reciprocus, returning back the same way, alternating, probably from re back and pro forward)

reciprocity (as regards certain enumerated commodities) between Canada and the United States . In 1854 Marcy had to deal with the complications growing out of the See also:

• BOMBARDMENT

bombardment of See also:

• SAN

San Juan del Norte (See also:

• GREYTOWN (SAN JUAN DEL NORTE)

Greytown), See also:

• NICARAGUA

Nicaragua, by the United States sloop-of-war " Cyane " for insults offered the American See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister by its inhabitants and for their refusal to make restitution for See also:

• DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages to American See also:

• PROPERTY

property . The expedition of William See also:

• WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
• WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
• WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
• WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
• WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
• WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
• WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
• WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
• WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
• WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
• WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
• WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)

Walker (q.v.) to Nicaragua in 1855 further complicated the Central American question . The See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean War, on account of the extensive recruiting therefor by British consuls in several American cities, in violation of American See also:

• NEUTRALITY

neutrality, led to a diplomatic controversy with See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, and in May 1856 the British minister, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John F . T . Crampton (1805-1886), received his passports, and the exequaturs of the British consuls at New York, See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia and See also:

• CINCINNATI

Cincinnati were revoked . The incident created great excitement in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, but in 1857 the British government sent See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• NAPIER
• NAPIER, JOHN (1550-1617)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES (1786-1860)
• NAPIER, SIR CHARLES JAMES (1782-1853)
• NAPIER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS PATRICK (1785-1860)

Napier to Washington to take Crampton's See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . To the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris of 1856, prescribing certain rules of See also:

• NAVAL

naval warfare, Marcy on behalf of his government refused to subscribe, because Great Britain had rejected his proposed See also:

• AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

amendment exempting from seizure in time of war all private property not See also:

• CONTRABAND (Fr. contrebande, from contra, against, and bannum, Low Lat. for " proclamation ")

contraband . The diplomatic relations of the United States and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain furnished, perhaps, the most perplexing of Marcy's problems . Upon the seizure (on Feb . 28, 18J4) of the American vessel " See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• WARRIOR

Warrior," the See also:

• CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of her See also:

• CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

cargo, and the fining of her captain by the Cuban authorities, on the ground that this vessel had violated the customs regulations of the See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• HAVANA (the name is of aboriginal origin; Span. Habana or, more fully, San Cristobal de la Habana)

Havana, See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery propagandists sought to force the administration into an attitude that would See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead to war with Spain and make possible the seizure of See also:

• CUBA (the aboriginal name)

Cuba; and it was largely due to Marcy's influence that war was averted, Spain restoring the confiscated cargo and remitting the captain's See also:

• FINE

fine.' The secretary, however, was not averse to increasing his popularity and his chances for the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency by obtaining Cuba in an See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable manner, and it was at his See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion that James See also:

• BUCHANAN
• BUCHANAN, CLAUDIUS
• BUCHANAN, GEORGE (1506–1582)
• BUCHANAN, JAMES (1791-1868)
• BUCHANAN, ROBERT WILLIAMS (1841-1901)

Buchanan, J .

Y . See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

Mason and See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre Soule, the ministers respectively to Great Britain, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and Spain, met at See also:

• OSTEND (Flemish and French Ostende)

Ostend and See also:

• AIX

Aix-la-Chapelle in October 1854 to discuss the Cuban question . But the remarkable " Ostend Manifesto " (see BUCHANAN, JAMES), the outcome of their See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference, was quite unexpected, and Marcy promptly disavowed the document . Marcy died at Ballston See also:

• SPA

Spa, New York, on the 4th of July 18J7, a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time after the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of Pierce's administration . In domestic affairs Marcy was a shrewd, but honest See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan; in See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy he exhibited the qualities of a broad-minded, patriotic statesman, endowed, however, with vigour, rather than brilliancy, of See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect . For his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early career, consult J . S . See also:

• JENKINS, ROBERT (fl. 1731-1745)
• JENKINS, SIR LEOLINE (1623-1685)

Jenkins, Lives of the See also:

• GOVERNORS

Governors of New York (See also:

• AUBURN
• AUBURN (from the Low Lat. alburnus, whitish, light-coloured)

Auburn, New York, 1851), and for his See also:

• WORK

work as secretary of state, see James See also:

• FORD, EDWARD ONSLOW
• FORD, JOHN (r586–c.1640)
• FORD, RICHARD (1796-1858)
• FORD, THOMAS (b. c. 158o)

Ford See also:

• RHODES
• RHODES, CECIL JOHN (1853-1902)
• RHODES, JAMES FORD

Rhodes, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the United States (vols . 1. and ii., New York, 1892), and an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney See also:

• WEBSTER
• WEBSTER, ALEXANDER (1707-1784)
• WEBSTER, BENJAMIN NOTTINGHAM (1797-1882)
• WEBSTER, DANIEL (1782-1852)
• WEBSTER, JOHN (fl. 1602-1624)
• WEBSTER, NOAH (1758-1843)
• WEBSTER, THOMAS (1773-1844)
• WEBSTER, THOMAS (1800-1886)

Webster, " Mr Marcy, the Cuban Question, and the Ostend Manifesto," in vol. viii. of the Political See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science Quarterly (New York, 1893) .