ANDREAS See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

SIGISMUND See also:

• ANDREAS SIGISMUND MARGGRAF (1709-1782)

MARGGRAF (1709-1782)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German chemist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin on the 3rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1709 . After studying See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry at Berlin and See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, and See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy and metallurgy at See also:

• FREIBERG, or FREYBERG

Freiberg, he returned to his native See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in 1735 as assistant to his See also:

• FATHER

father, Henning See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• MARGGRAF, ANDREAS SIGISMUND (1709-1782)

Marggraf, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• APOTHECARY (from the Lat. apothecarius, a keeper of an apotheca, Gr. aroth is , a store)

apothecary at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . Three years later he was elected to the Berlin See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences, which in 1754 put him in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of its chemical laboratory and in 176o appointed him director of its physics class . He died in Berlin on the 7th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1782 . His name is especially associated with the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of See also:

• SUGAR

sugar in beetroot . In 1747 he published an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of experiments undertaken with the definite view of obtaining true sugar from indigenous See also:

• PLANTS

plants, and found that for -this purpose the first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is taken by beetroot and See also:

• CARROT

carrot, that in those plants sugar like that of See also:

• CANE

cane exists ready formed, and that it may be extracted by boiling the dried roots in See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol, from which it is deposited on cooling . This investigation is also memorable because he detected the nninute sugar-crystals in the roots by the help of the See also:

• MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope, which was thus introduced as an See also:

• ADJUNCT (from Lat. ad, to, and jungere, to join)

adjunct to chemical inquiry . In another See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research dealing with the nature of See also:

• ALUM

alum he showed that one of the constituents of that substance, alumina, is contained in See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay, and further that the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt cannot be prepared by the See also:

• ACTION

action of sulphuric See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid on alumina alone, the addition of an See also:

• ALKALI

alkali being necessary .