MARIE  DE' See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

MEDICI (1573-1642), See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort and queen See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, daughter of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis de' Medici, See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany, and See also:

• JOANNA (1479-1555)

Joanna, an See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian archduchess, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence on the 26th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1573 . After Joanna's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1578 duke Francis married the notorious Bianca Capello, and the grand-ducal See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children were brought up away from their See also:

• FATHER

father at the Pitti See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace in Florence, where after the death of her See also:

• BROTHER

brother and See also:

• SISTER

sister and the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of her See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder sister Eleonora, duchess of See also:

• MANTUA (Ital. Mantova)

Mantua, a See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion was chosen for Marie, this being Leonora Dori, afterwards known as Leonora Galigal . She received a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• EDUCATION

education in See also:

• COMPANY

company with her See also:

• HALF

half-brother See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio . After many projects of marriage for Marie had failed See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. of France, who was under See also:

• GREAT

great monetary obligations to the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Medici, offered himself as a suitor although his marriage with See also:

• MARGUERITE

Marguerite de See also:

• VALOIS, COUNTS AND DUKES OF
• VALOIS, HENRI DE [VALESIUS] (1603-1676)

Valois was not yet dissolved; but the marriage was not celebrated until See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1600 . Her eldest son, the future See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIII., was born at See also:

• FONTAINEBLEAU

Fontainebleau in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September of the next See also:

• YEAR

year; the other children who survived were Gaston duke of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans; See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth queen of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain; Christine duchess of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy; and Henrietta Maria queen of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . During her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's lifetime Marie de' Medici showed little sign of See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste or ability; but after his See also:

• MURDER

murder in 16ro when she became regent, she devoted herself to affairs with unfailing regularity and See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed an inherited See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . She gave her confidence chiefly to See also:

• CONCINI, CONCINO (d. 1617)

Concini, the husband of Leonora Galigal, who squandered the public See also:

• MONEY

money and secured a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of important charges with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Marechal d'Ancre . Under the regent's lax and capricious See also:

• RULE

rule the princes of the See also:

• BLOOD

blood and the great nobles of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom revolted; and the queen, too weak to assert her authority, consented at Sainte Menehould (May 15, 1614) to buy off the discontented princes . In 1616 her policy was strengthened by the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to her See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu, who had come to the front at the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the states See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in 1614 ; but Louis XIII., who was now sixteen years old, was determined to throw off the tutelage of his See also:

• MOTHER

mother and Concini . By his orders Concini was murdered, Leonora Galigal was tried for sorcery and beheaded, Richelieu was banished to his bishopric, and the queen was exiled to See also:

• BLOIS

Blois . After two years of virtual imprisonment she escaped in 1619 and became the centre of a new revolt . Louis XIII. easily dispersed the rebels, but through the See also:

• MEDIATION (Lat. medius, middle)

mediation of Richelieu was reconciled with his mother, who was allowed to hold a small See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court at See also:

• ANGERS

Angers, and resumed her See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the royal See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council in 1621 .

But See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences between her and the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal rapidly arose, and the queen mother intrigued to drive Richelieu again from court . For a single See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day the journee See also:

• DES

des dupes, the 12th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 163o, she seemed to have succeeded; but the See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph of Richelieu was followedby her See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile to See also:

• COMPIEGNE

Compiegne, whence she escaped in 1631 to See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels . From that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time till her death at See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne on the 3rd of See also:

• JULY

July 1642 she intrigued in vain against the cardinal . Among contemporary authorities for the See also:

• HISTORY

history of Marie de' Medici, see Mathieu de Morgues, Deux faces de la See also:

• VIE

vie et de la mort de Marie de Medicis (See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, 1643) ; J . B . Matthieu, Eloge historial de Marie de Medicis (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1626) ; Florentin du Ruau, Le Tableau de la regence de Marie de Medicis (See also:

• POITIERS

Poitiers, 1615) ; F . E . See also:

• MEZERAY, FRANCOIS EUDES DE (1610—1683)

Mezeray, Histoire de la See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere et du fils, ou de Marie de Medicis et de Louis XIII . (Amster-See also:

• DAM

dam, 1730) ; and A . P . See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord, The Regency of Marie de Medicis (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1904) . For the political history see the See also:

• BIBLIOGRAPHIES

bibliographies to HENRY IV. and Lou1s XIII .

There are lives by Thiroux d'Arconville (3 vols., Paris, 1774) by See also:

• MISS

Miss J . S . H . See also:

• PARDOE, JULIA (,8o6--1862)

Pardoe (London, 1852, and again 189o); and by B . See also:

• ZELLER, EDUARD (1814-1908)

Zeller, See also:

• HENRI

Henri IV. et Marie de Medicis (Paris, 1877) . There is a technical discussion of the causes of her death in A . See also:

• MASSON, DAVID (1822–1907)
• MASSON, LOUIS CLAUDE FREDERIC (1847– )

Masson's La Sorcellerie et la See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science des poisons au xvii' siecle (Paris, 1904), and the Minutest details of her private See also:

• LIFE

life are in L . Batiffol's La Vie intime d'une See also:

• REIN

rein de France (Paris, 1906; Eng. trans., 1908) .