ENGUERRAND DE

MARIGNY (1260-1315)  , French chamberlain, and minister of Philip IV. the Fair, was born at Lyonsla-Foret in Normandy, of an old Norman family of the smaller baronage called Le Portier, which took the name of Marigny about 1200 . Enguerrand entered the service of Hugues de Bonville, chamberlain and secretary of Philip IV., as a squire, and then was attached to the household of Queen Jeanne, who made him one of the executors of her will . He married her god-daughter, Jeanne de St Martin . In 1298 he received the custody of the castle of Issoudun . After the death of Pierre Flotte and Hugues de Bonville at the battle of Mons-en-Pevele in 1304, he became Philip's grand chamberlain and chief minister . In 1306 he was sent to preside over the exchequer of Normandy . He received numerous gifts of land and money from Philip as well as a pension from Edward II. of England . Possessed of an ingratiating manner, politic, learned and astute, he acted as an able instrument in carrying out Philip's plans, and received corresponding confidence . He shared the popular odium which Philip incurred by debasing the coinage . He acted as the agent of Philip in his contest with Louis de Nevers, the son of Robert count of Flanders, imprisoning Louis and forcing Robert to surrender Lille, Douay and Bethune . He obtained for his half-brother Philip de Marigny in 1301 the bishopric of Cambray, and in 1309 the archbishopric of Sens, and for his brother Jean in 1312 the bishopric of Beauvais . Still another relative, Nicolas de Freauville, became the king's confessor and a cardinal .

He addressed the estates

general in 1314 and succeeded in getting further taxes for the Flemish war, incurring at the same time much ill will . This soon came to a head when the princes of the blood, eager to fight the Flemings, were disappointed by his negotiating a peace in September . He was accused of receiving bribes, and Charles of Valois denounced him to the king himself; but Philip stood by him and the attack was of no avail . The death of Philip IV. on the 29th of November 1314 was a signal for a reaction against his policy . The feudal party, whose power the king had tried to limit, turned on his ministers and chiefly on his chamberlain . Enguerrand was arrested by Louis X. at the instigation of Charles of Valois, and twenty-eight articles of accusation including charges of receiving bribes were brought against him . He was refused a hearing; but his accounts were correct, and Louis was inclined to spare him anything more than banishment to the island of Cyprus . Charles then brought forward a charge of sorcery which was more effectual . He was condemned at once and hanged on the public gallows at Mon tfaucon, protesting that in all his acts he had only been carrying out Philip's commands (April 30, 1315) . Louis X. seems to have repented of his treatment of Marigny, and left legacies to his children . When his chief enemy, Charles of Valois, lay dying in 1325, he was stricken with remorse and ordered alms to'be distributed among the poor of Paris with a request to "pray for the souls of Enguerrand and Charles." Marigny founded the collegiate church of Notre Dame d'Escoes near Rouen in 1313 . He was twice married, first to Jeanne de St Martin, by whom he had three children, Louis, Marie and Isabelle (who married Robert, son of Robert de Tancarville); and the second time to Alips de Mons .

See contemporary chroniclers in vols . 'xx. to

xxiii. of D . Bouquet, Historiens de la France; P . Clement, Trois drames historiques (Paris, 1857) ; Ch . Dufayard, La Reaction feodale sous les fils de Philippe le Bel, in the Revue historique (1894, liv . 241—272) and lv . 241—290 .