MARK  , a word of which the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal meanings are in their probable See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of development,—boundary, an See also:

• OBJECT

object set up to indicate a boundary or position; hence a sign or token, impression or trace . The word in O . Eng. is mearc, and appears in all See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, cf . Du. merk, Ger . Mark, boundary, marke, sign, impression; Romanic languages have borrowed the word, cf . Fr. marque, Ital. See also:

• MARCA, PIERRE DE (1594-1662)

marca . Cognate forms outside Teutonic have been found in See also:

• LAT

Lat. margo, " margin," and Pers. marz, boundary . Others would refer to the Lith. margas, striped, parti-coloured, and See also:

• SANSKRIT

Sanskrit marga, trace, especially of hunted See also:

• GAME

game . In the sense of boundary, or a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract of See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country on or near a boundary or frontier, " mark " in See also:

• ENGLISH

English usage proper is obsolete, and " See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march " (q.v.) has established itself . It still remains, however, to represent the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German mark, a tract of See also:

• LAND

land held in See also:

• COMMON

common by a See also:

• VILLAGE

village community (see MARK See also:

• SYSTEM

SYSTEM), and also historically the name of certain principalities, such as the mark of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg . The See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian marca is also sometimes rendered by " mark," as in the mark of See also:

• ANCONA
• ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )

Ancona . ' Mark is also the name of a See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin of the German See also:

• EMPIRE

empire .

This is apparently a distinct word and not of Teutonic origin; it is found in all Teutonic and Romanic languages, Latinized as marca or See also:

• MARCUS

marcus . The mark was originally a measure of See also:

• WEIGHT

weight only for See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and silver and was common throughout western See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and was See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to 8 oz . The See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations, however, throughout the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages were considerable (see Du Cange, See also:

• GLOSS, GLOSSARY

Gloss. med. et infim . Lat., s.v . Marca for a full See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list) . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England the " mark " was never a coin, but a See also:

• MONEY

money of See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account only, and apparently came into use in the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century through the Danes . It first was taken as equal to too pennies, but after the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest was equal to 16o pennies (20 pennies to the oz.) =1 of the See also:

• POUND
• POUND (2)—(a)

pound See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling, or 13s . 4d., and therefore in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland 131d . English; the mark (merk) Scots was a silver coin of this value, issued first in 1570 and afterwards in 1663 . The modern German mark was adopted in 1873 as the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of value and the money of account . It is of the value of 6.146 grains of gold, 900 See also:

• FINE

fine, and is equal to English standard gold of the value of 11.747 pence . The modern silver coin, nearly equal in value to the English See also:

• SHILLING

shilling, was first issued in 1875 .