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EARLS AND DUKES OF MARLBOROUGH

1ST DUKE OF JOHN CHURCHILL MARLBOROUGH (1650-1722)

MARLOW (GREAT MARLOW)

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE (1564-1593)

JULIA [SARAH FRANCES FROST] MARLOWE (1870– )

MARMALADE (adopted from Fr. marmelade, from marmelo, a quince, derived through the Lat. melimelum, from Gr. AiXt, honey, and ai Xov, an apple, an apple grafted on a quince)

XAVIER MARMIER (1809–1892)

DUKE OF RAGUSA AUGUSTE FREDERIC LOUIS VIESSE DE MARMONT (1774–1852)

JEAN FRANCOIS MARMONTEL (1723-1799)

MARMORA (anc. Proconnesus)

SEA OF MARMORA (anc. Propontis; Turk. Mermer Denisi)

BARON CARLO MAROCHETTI (1805-1867)

MARONITES (Arab. Mawarina)

DANIEL MAROT (seventeenth century)

MARPRELATE CONTROVERSY

HENRY GURDON MARQUAND (1819-1902)

JOACHIM MARQUARDT (1812–1882)

MARQUESS (1760-1842)

MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

MARQUETRY (Fr. marqueterie, from marqueter, to inlay, literally to mark, marquee)

JACQUES MARQUETTE (1637–1675)

MARRAKESH (erroneously MOROCCO or MAROCCO CITY)

FREDERICK MARRYAT (1792-1848)

MARS (MAYORS, MARMAR, MARSPITER GA MASPITER)

MLLE [ANNE FRANCOISE HYPPOLYTE BOUTET] MARS (1779-1847)

WILLIAM MARSDEN (1754-1836)

MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)

MARSH GAS (methane), CH4

ADAM MARSH (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)

GEORGE PERKINS MARSH (1801-1882)

HERBERT MARSH (1757–1839)

NARCISSUS MARSH (1638-1713)

OTHNIEL CHARLES MARSH (1831-1899)

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

MARSHALL ISLANDS

ALFRED MARSHALL (1842– )

JOHN MARSHALL (1755–1835)

JOHN MARSHALL (1818-1891)

STEPHEN MARSHALL (c. 1594-1655)

JOSHUA MARSHMAN (1768–1837)

COUNT LUIGI FERDINANDO MARSIGLI [Latinized MARSILIUS] (1658–1730)

MARSILIUS OF PADUA [MARSIGLIO MAINARDINO] (1270-1342)

MARSIVAN, or MERZIFUN (anc. Phazemon?)

BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR

JOHN MARSTON (c. 1575-1634)

PHILIP BOURKE MARSTON (1850-1887)

MARSUPIAL MOLE (Notoryctes typhlops)

MARSUPIALIA (from Lat. marsupium, a "pouch," or "bag")

DOMITIUS MARSUS

AMERICAN MARTEN

HENRY MARTEN (1602-1680)

JAPANESE MARTEN

GEORG FRIEDRICH VON MARTENS (1756-1821)

HANS LASSEN MARTENSEN (1808-1884)

JUAN JOSE MARTI (157o?-1604)

MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

QUINTUS GARGILIUS MARTIALIS

VICOMTE DE JEAN BAPTISTE SYLVERE GAY MARTIGNAC (1778-183z)

MARTIN (Martinus)

MARTIN 1 (Fr. Martinet)

MARTIN ALONZO PINION

MARTIN OF TROPPAU, or MARTIN THE POLE (d. 1278)

BON LOUIS HENRI MARTIN (1810-1883)

CLAUD MARTIN (1735-1800)

FRANCOIS XAVIER MARTIN (1762-1846)

HOMER DODGE MARTIN (1836-1897)

JOHN MARTIN (1789-1854)

LUTHER MARTIN (1748-1826)

SIR THEODORE MARTIN (1816-1909)

SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE MARTIN (1801–1895)

ST MARTIN (c. 316-400)

WILLIAM MARTIN (1767-1810)

HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876)

JAMES MARTINEAU (1805-1900)

GIOVANNI BATTISTA MARTINI (1706–1784)

SIMONE MARTINI (1283-1344)

GEORGE [GYoRGY UTIESENovIc] MARTINUZZI (1482—1551)

CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON MARTIUS (1794—1868)

CHRISTINO MARTOS (183o-1893)

HENRY MARTYN (r781-1812)

JOHN MARTYN (1699-1768)

FRANCISCO DE PAULA MARTYNEZ DE LA ROSA (2789–1862)

MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

HEINRICH KARL MARX (1818-1883)

MARY (1457-1482)

MARY (1496-1533)

MARY OF LORRAINE (1515-1560)

MARY OF ORANGE (1631-166o)

QUEEN OF SCOTS MARY

MASACCIO (1402-1429)

PIETRO MASCAGNI (1863– )

MASCARENE ISLANDS (occasionally MASCARENHAS)

JULES MASCARON (1634-1703)

LORENZO MASCHERONI (1750-1800)

MASCOT (Fr. slang: perhaps from Port. mascotto, " witch-craft ")

JUAN FRANCISCO MASDEU (1744-1817)

LADY ABIGAIL MASHAM (d. 1734)

1ST BARON SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER MASHAM (1815–Igo6)

MASK (Fr. masque, apparently from med. Lat. mascus, masca, spectre, through Ital. maschera, Span. mascara)

NEVIL MASKELYNE (1732-1811)

MASOLINO DA PANICALE (1383—c. 1445)

MASON AND DIXON LINE

FRANCIS MASON (1799—1874)

GEORGE MASON (1725—1792)

GEORGE HEMMING MASON (1818–1872)

JAMES MURRAY MASON (1798-1871)

JOHN MASON (1586-1635)

JOHN YOUNG MASON (1799-1859)

LOWELL MASON (1792—1872)

SIR JOHN MASON (1503–1566)

SIR JOSIAH MASON (1795-1881)

WILLIAM MASON (1725—1797)

GASTON CAMILLE CHARLES MASPERO (1846– )

MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)

MASSA MARITTIMA

MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

MASSAWA, or MASSOWAII

MASSENA, ANDRE, or ANDREA

CHRISTIAN KARL AUGUST LUDWIG VON MASSENBACH (1958-1827)

JULES SMILE FREDERIC MASSENET (1842– )

1ST VISCOUNT JOHN CLOTWORTHY MASSEREENE (d. 1665)

GERALD MASSEY (1828-r9o7)

SIR EDWARD MASSEY (c. 1619-c. 1674)

JEAN BAPTISTE MASSILLON (1663-1742)

MASSIMO, or MASSIMI

PHILIP MASSINGER (1583-1640)

MASSINISSA (c. 238—149 B.C.)

DAVID MASSON (1822–1907)

LOUIS CLAUDE FREDERIC MASSON (1847– )

MAST (2) (Anglo-Saxon maest, food, common to some Teutonic languages, and ultimately connected with " meat")

MAST (I) (O. Eng. maest; a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. malus; from the medieval latinized form mast us comes Fr. malt)

MASTABA (Arab. for " bench ")

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

MASTER AND SERVANT

MASTER OF THE HORSE

MASTER OF THE ROLLS

MASTERS OF THE GOLDEN

MASTIC, or MASTICH (Gr. µao-rixrt, probably connected with µaoavOai, to chew, since mastic is used in the East as a chewing gum)

MASTODON (Gr. µavTos, breast, &bobs, tooth)

MASULIPATAM, or BANDAR

MAT (O. Eng. meatt, from late Lat. mattes, whence Ital. mallet, Ger. and Dan. matte, Du. mat, &c.)

MATABELE (" vanishing " or " hidden " people, so called from their appearance in battle, hidden behind enormous oxhide shields)

MATACHINES (Span. matachin, clown, or masked dancer)

MATARO (anc. Iluro)

MATE (a corruption of make, from O. Eng. gemaca, a " comrade ")

MATE, or PARAGUAY TEA

MATER MATUTA (connected with Lat. mane, matutinus, " morning ')

MATERIALISM (from Lat. materia, matter)

MATERIALS USED IN BREWING

MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

COTTON MATHER (1663-1728)

INCREASE MATHER (1639-1723)

RICHARD MATHER (1596-1668)

GEORGE MATHESON (1842-1906)

THEOBALD MATHEW (1790-1856)

CHARLES MATHEWS (1776-1835)

THOMAS MATHEWS (1676-1751)

KARL MATHY (1807-1868)

MATILDA (1046-1115)

MATILDA (1102-1164)

MATINS (Fr. matins, med. Lat. matutinae, sc. possibly vigiliae, morning watches; from matutinus, " belonging to the morning ")

JUAN DE MATOS FRAGOSO (1614?-1689)

MATRASS (mod. Lat. matracium)

MATRIARCHATE (" rule of the mother ")

MATRIMONY (Lat. matrimonium, marriage, which is the ordinary English sense)

MARQUIS MATSUKATA (1835- )

MATSYS (MASSYS or METZYS), QUINTIN (1466-1530)

CARLO MATTEUCCI (1811-1868)

MATTHEW CANTACUZENUS

MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER

GOSPEL OF ST MATTHEW

ST MATTHEW (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)

STANLEY MATTHEWS (1824-1889)

AUGUST HEINRICH MATTHIAE (1769-1835)

MATTHIAS (1557-1619)

FRIEDRICH VON MATTHISSON (1761–1831)

MATTOCK (O.E. mattuc, of uncertain origin)

MATTRESS (O.Fr. materas, mod. matelas; the origin is the Arab. al-materah, cushion, whence Span. and Port. almadraque, Ital. materasso)

MATURIN MURRAY BALLOU (182o-1895)

CHARLES ROBERT MATURIN (1782-1824)

ARTAMON SERGYEEVICH MATVYEEV ( -1682)

CYRIL MAUDE (1862– )

SAVARI DE MAULEON (d. 1236)

MAULSTICK, or MAHLSTICK

MAUNDY THURSDAY (through O. Fr. mande from Lat. mandatum, commandment, in allusion to Christ's words: " A new commandment give I unto you," after he had washed the disciples' feet at the Last Supper)

HENRI RENE ALBERT GUY DE MAUPASSANT (1850-1893)

RENE NICOLAS CHARLES AUGUSTIN MAUPEOU (1714-1792)

PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE MAUPERTUIS (1698–1759)

ABDIAS MAUREL (d. 1705)

VICTOR MAUREL (1848– )

KARL PETER WILHELM MAURENBRECHER (1838-1892)

COMTE DE JEAN FREDERIC PHELYPEAUX MAUREPAS (1701-1781)

GEORG LUDWIG VON MAURER (1790-1872)

MAURICE (1521–1553)

MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)

MAURICE OF NASSAU

ST MAURICE [or MAURITIUS] (d. c. 286)

JOHN FREDERICK DENISON MAURICE (1805-1872)

LOUIS FERDINAND ALFRED MAURY (1817–1892)

MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY (1806-1873)

MAUSOLUS (more correctly MAUSSOLLUS)

ANTON MAUVE (1838–1888)

MAVROCORDAT MAVROCORDATO

MILITARY MAWEUVRES

MAWKMAI (Burmese Maukme)

FRIEDRICH MAX MULLER (1823-1900)

MARCUS AURELIUS VALERIUS MAXENTIUS

SIR HIRAM STEVENS MAXIM (184o- )

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

MARCUS AURELIUS VALERIUS MAXIMIANUS

MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

MAXIMUS OF SMYRNA

MAXIMUS OF TYRE (CASSIUS MAXIMUS TYRius)

ST MAXIMUS (c. 58o-662)

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831–1879)

THOMAS MAY (1595-1650)

MAY, or MEY(E), WILLIAM (d. 156o)

CHARLES OF LORRAINE MAYENNE

JOHANN TOBIAS MAYER (1723-1762)

JULIUS ROBERT MAYER (1814-1878)

MAYHEM (for derivation see MAIMING)

HENRY MAYHEW (1812-1887)

JONATHAN MAYHEW (172o-1766)

FRANCOIS DE MAYNARD (1582-1646)

JASPER MAYNE (1604-1672)

6TH EARL OF RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE MAYO (1822-1872)

MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)

MAYOR OF THE PALACE

JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH MAYOR (1825– )

JOHN MAYOW (1643-1679)

MAZAGAN (El Jadida)

JULES MAZARIN (1602-1661)

MAZURKA (Polish for a woman of the province of Mazovia)

JOHN LOUDON MCADAM (1756-1836)

JOHN ALEXANDER MCCLERNAND (1812-1900)

JOHN MCCLINTOCK (1814-1870)

JOHN MCCLOSKEY (1810-1885)

WILLIAM MCCOMBIE (1805-188o)

ALEXANDER MCDOWELL MCCOOK (1831-1903)

GEORGE MCDUFFIE (1788-1851)

SIR JOHN MCKENZIE (1838-19or)

CHARLES FOLLEN MCKIM (1847-1909)

WILLIAM MCKINLEY (1843—1901)

LOUIS MCLANE (1786-1857)

HUGH MCNEILE (1795-1879)

LARKIN GOLDSMITH MEAD (1835— )

RICHARD MEAD (1673—1754)

GEORGE GORDON MEADE (1815—1872)

WILLIAM MEADE (1789-1862)

THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER (1823–1867)

MEAN FOCAL PLANE

MEASLES (Morbilli, Rubeola; the M. E. word is maseles, properly a diminutive of a word meaning " spot," O.H.G. m¢sa, cf. " mazer "; the equivalent is Ger. Masern; Fr. Rougeole)

MEATH (pronounced with th soft, as in the)

MECCA (Arab. Makkah)