See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

MARQUESS (1760-1842)  , eldest son of the 1st See also:

• EARL

earl of Mornington, an Irish peer, and See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the famous See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June 176o . He was sent to See also:

• ETON

Eton, where he was distinguished as a classical See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, and to See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford . By his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1781 he became earl of Mornington, taking his seat in the Irish See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Peers . In 1784 he entered the See also:

• ENGLISH

English House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons as member for Beeralston . Soon afterwards he was appointed a See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury by See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt . In 1793 he became a member of the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over See also:

• INDIAN

Indian affairs; and, although he was best known by his speeches in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of Pitt's See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign policy, he was gaining the acquaintance with See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental affairs which made his See also:

• RULE

rule over See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India so effective from the moment when, in 1797, he accepted the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, See also:

• WELLESLEY
• WELLESLEY, RICHARD COLLEY WESLEY (or WELLESLEY)

Wellesley seems to have caught Pitt's large See also:

• POLITICAL

political spirit during his intercourse with him from 1793 to 1797 . That both had consciously formed the See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design of acquiring a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• EMPIRE

empire in India to compensate for the loss of the See also:

• AMERICAN

American colonies is not proved; but the rivalry with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, which in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe placed See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition after coalition against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic and empire, made Wellesley's rule in India an See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch of enormous and rapid See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of English See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . See also:

• CLIVE, CAROLINE (1801-1873)
• CLIVE, CATHERINE [KITTY] (1711-1785)
• CLIVE, ROBERT CLIVE, BARON (1725-1774)

Clive won and See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings consolidated the See also:

• BRITISH

British ascendancy in India, but Wellesley extended it into an empire . On the voyage outwards he formed the design of annihilating French See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the See also:

• DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the South ")

Deccan . Soon after his landing, in See also:

• APRIL

April 1798, he learnt that an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance was being negotiated between Tippoo See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan and the French republic . Wellesley resolved to anticipate the See also:

• ACTION

action of the enemy, and ordered preparations for See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . The first step was to effect the disbandment of the French troops entertained by the See also:

• NIZAM

Nizam of See also:

• HYDERABAD, HAIDARABAD
• HYDERABAD, or HAIDARABAD

Hyderabad .

The invasion of See also:

• MYSORE

Mysore followed in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1799, and the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign was brought to a rapid See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close by the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• SERINGAPATAM, or SRIRANGAPATANA

Seringapatam . In 1803 the restoration of the See also:

• PESHWA (Persian for " leader," " guide ")

peshwa proved the prelude to the Mahratta war against Sindhia and the See also:

• RAJA

raja of See also:

• BERAR

Berar . The result of these See also:

• WARS

wars and of the See also:

• TREATIES

treaties which followed them was that French influence in India was extinguished, that See also:

• FORTY

forty millions of See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population and ten millions of See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue were added to the British dominions, and that the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of the Mahratta and all other princes were so reduced that England became the really dominant authority over all India . He found the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company a trading See also:

• BODY

body, he See also:

• LEFT

left it an imperial power . He was an excellent See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator, and sought to provide, by the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of Fort See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, for the training of a class of men adequate to the great See also:

• WORK

work of governing India . In connexion with this college he established the governor-general's office, to which civilians who had shown See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent at the college were transferred, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that they might learn something of the highest statesmanship in the immediate service of their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief . A See also:

• FREE

free-trader, like Pitt, he endeavoured to remove some of the restrictions on the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade between England and India . Both the commercial policy of Wellesley and his educational projects brought him into hostility with the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors, and he more than once tendered his resignation, which, however, public necessities led him to See also:

• POST

post-pone till the autumn of 1805 . He reached England just in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to see Pitt before his death . He had been created an English peer in 1797, and in 1799 an Irish See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess . On the fall of the coalition See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry in 1807 Wellesley was invited by See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III. to join the duke of See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland's See also:

• CABINET

cabinet, but he declined, pending the discussion in See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of certain charges brought against him in respect of his Indian See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . Resolutions condemning him for the abuse of power were moved in both the Lords and Commons, but defeated by large majorities .

In 1809 Wellesley was appointed See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . He landed at See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz just after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Talavera, and endeavoured, but without success, to bring the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government into effective co-operation with his brother, who, through the failure of his See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, had been compelled to See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat into See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . A few months later, after the See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel between See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

Canning and Castlereagh and the resignation of both, Wellesley accepted the post of foreign secretary in See also:

• PERCEVAL, or PERCYVELLE (Ger. Parzival, Fr. Perlesvaus, Welsh, Peredur)
• PERCEVAL, SPENCER (1762-1812)

Perceval's cabinet . He held this office until February 1812, when he retired, partly from dissatisfaction at the inadequate support given to Wellington by the ministry, but also because he had become convinced that the question of See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic emancipation could no longer be kept in the background . From See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life Wellesley had, unlike his brother, been an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of Catholic emancipation, and with the claim of the Irish Catholics to See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice he henceforward identified himself . On Perceval's assassination he refused to join Lord See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool's administration, and he remained out of office till 1821, criticizing with severity the proceedings of the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna and the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of 1814, which, while it reduced France to its See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient limits, left to the other great powers the territory that they had acquired by the See also:

• PARTITION

partition of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland and the destruction of See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . He was one of the peers who signed the protest against the enactment of the See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

Corn See also:

• LAWS

Laws in 1815 . In 1821 he was appointed lord-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . Catholic emancipation had now become an open question in the cabinet, and Wellesley's See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of the See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• ROYALTY (0. Fr. realte, reialte, royaulte, from Med. Lat. regalitas, the substantive of regalis, of or belonging to a king, rex)

royalty was believed in Ireland to See also:

• HERALD (O. Fr. heraut, herault; the origin is uncertain, but O.H.G. heren, to call, or hariwald, leader of an army, have been proposed; the Gr. equivalent is Kddpvi : Lat. praeco, caduceator, fetialis)

herald the immediate settlement of the Catholic claims . The See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction was incensed by the firmness with which their excesses were now repressed, and Wellesley was on one occasion mobbed and insulted . But the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of the Catholics still remained unfulfilled . Lord Liverpool died without having grappled with the problem .

Canning in turn passed away; and on the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of office by Wellington, who was opposed to Catholic emancipation, his brother resigned the lord-lieutenancy . He had, however, the See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of seeing the Catholic claims settled in the next See also:

• YEAR

year by the very statesmen who had declared against them . In 1833 he resumed the office of lord-lieutenant under Earl See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey, but the ministry soon See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell, and, with one See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short exception, Wellesley did not further take See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official life . He died on the 26th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1842 . He had no successor in the marquisate, but the earldom of Mornington and See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor honours devolved on his brother William, Lord See also:

• MARYBOROUGH

Maryborough, on the failure of whose issue in 1863 they fell to the 2nd duke of Wellington . See See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin, Despatches of the Marquess Wellesley (184o) ; W . M . See also:

• TORRENS, ROBERT (1780-1864)
• TORRENS, SIR ROBERT RICHARD (1814-1884)
• TORRENS, WILLIAM TORRENS

Torrens, The Marquess Wellesley (188o) ; W . H . See also:

• HUTTON, CHARLES (1737-1823)
• HUTTON, JAMES (1726-1797)
• HUTTON, RICHARD HOLT (1826-1897)

Hutton, Lord Wellesley (" Rulers of India " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, 1893) ; and G . B . See also:

• MALLESON, GEORGE BRUCE (1825-1898)

Malleson, Wellesley (" Statesmen " series, 1895) .