VICOMTE DE See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• BAPTISTE

BAPTISTE SYLVERE See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

GAY See also:

• VICOMTE DE JEAN BAPTISTE SYLVERE GAY MARTIGNAC (1778-183z)

MARTIGNAC (1778-183z)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux on the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June 1778 . In 1798 he acted as secretary to Sieyes; then after serving for a while in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, he turned to literature, producing several See also:

• LIGHT

light plays . Under the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire he practised with success as an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate at Bordeaux, where in 1818 he became advocate-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the tour royale . In 1819 he was appointed procureur-general at See also:

• LIMOGES

Limoges, and in 1821 was returned for See also:

• MARMANDE

Marmande to the Chamber of Deputies, where he supported the policy of See also:

• VILLELE, JEAN BAPTISTE GUILLAUME MARIE ANNE SERAPHIN, COMTE DE (1773–1854)

Villele . In 1822 he was appointed councillor of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, in 1823 he accompanied the duc d'See also:

• ANGOULEME
• ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650)

Angouleme to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain as See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• COMMISSARY (from Med. Lat. commissaries, one to whom a charge or trust is committed)

commissary; in 1824 he was created a See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

viscount and appointed director-general of See also:

• REGISTRATION

registration . In contact with See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical politics his ultra-royalist views were gradually modified in the direction of the See also:

• DOCTRINAIRES

Doctrinaires, and on the fall of Villele he was selected by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles X. to carry out the new policy of See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise . On the 4th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1828 he was appointed See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior, and, though not bearing the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, became the virtual See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . He succeeded in passing the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act abolishing the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press censorship, and in persuading the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to sign the ordinances of the 16th of June 1828 on the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits and the little seminaries . He was exposed to attack from both the extreme See also:

• LEFT

Left and the extreme Right,and when in See also:

• APRIL

April 1829 a See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition of these See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups defeated him in the chamber, Charles X., who had never believed in the policy he represented, replaced him by the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince de See also:

• POLIGNAC

Polignac . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1830 See also:

• MARTIGNAC, JEAN BAPTISTE SYLVERE GAY, VICOMTE DE (1778-183z)

Martignac voted with the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority for the address protesting against the famous ordinances; but during the revolution that followed he remained true to his legitimist principles . His last public See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance was in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of Polignac in the Chamber of Peers in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1830 . He died on the 3rd of April 1832 .

Martignac published Bordeaux au mois de See also:

• MARS
• MARS (MAYORS, MARMAR, MARSPITER GA MASPITER)
• MARS, MLLE [ANNE FRANCOISE HYPPOLYTE BOUTET] (1779-1847)

Mars 1815 (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1830), and an Essai historique sur See also:

• LES

les revolutions d'Espagne et l'interventson francaise de 1823 (Paris, 1832) . See also E . See also:

• DAUDET, ALPHONSE (1840-1897)

Daudet, Le Ministere de M. de Martignac (Paris, 1875) .