See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

GEORGE [GYoRGY UTIESENovIc] See also:

• GEORGE [GYoRGY UTIESENovIc] MARTINUZZI (1482—1551)

MARTINUZZI (1482—1551)  , Hungarian statesman, who, since he usually signed himself " See also:

• FRATER, FRATER HOUSE

Frater Georgius," is known in Hungarian See also:

• HISTORY

history as FRATER GYORGY or simply THE FRATER, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Kamicic in Croatia, the son of See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory Utiesenovic, a Croatian See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother was a See also:

• MARTINUZZI, GEORGE [GYoRGY UTIESENovIc] (1482—1551)

Martinuzzi, a Venetian patrician See also:

• FAMILY

family . From his eighth to his twentieth See also:

• YEAR

year he was attached to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• CORVINUS, JANOS [JOHN] (1473–1504)

Corvinus; subsequently, entering the service of the Zapolya family, he saw something of warfare under John Zapolya but, tiring of a military See also:

• LIFE

life, he entered the Paulician See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order in his twenty-eighth year . His See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical career began when his old See also:

• PATRON

patron Zapolya, now See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, forced to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly before his successful See also:

• RIVAL

rival See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand, afterwards the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Ferdinand I., sent him on a See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• MISSION

mission to Hungary . It was due to his tact and ability that John recovered Buda (1529), and henceforth Frater GySrgy became his treasurer and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief counsellor . In 1534 he became See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Grosswardein; in 1538 he concluded with See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of Grosswardein, whereby the royal See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title and the greater See also:

• PART

part of Hungary were conceded to Zapolya . King John See also:

• LEFT

left the Frater the See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of his See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant son John See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund, who was proclaimed and crowned king of Hungary, the Frater acting as See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent . He frustrated all the attempts of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen mother, See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, to bring in the Austrians, and when, in 1541, an See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army appeared beneath the walls of Buda, he arrested the queen and applied to the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte for help . On the 28th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1541, the Frater did See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage to the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan, but during his See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence with the baby king in the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp, the See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• VIZIER

vizier took Buda by subtlety . Then only the Frater recognized the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of a See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition with both Austria and See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey . He attained it by the treaty of Gyula (Dec . 29, 1541), whereby western Hungary See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to Ferdinand, while Transylvania, as an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent principality under Turkish See also:

• SUZERAINTY

suzerainty, reverted to John Sigismund .

It included, besides Transylvania proper, many Hungarian counties on both sides of the See also:

• THEISS (Hungarian, Tisza; Lat., Tisia or Tissus)

Theiss, and the important See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Kassa . It was the Frater's policy to preserve Transylvania neutral and intact by cultivating amicable relations with Austria without offending the Porte . It was a difficult policy, but succeeded brilliantly for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . In 1545, encouraged by the growing unpopularity of Ferdinand, owing to his incapacity to defend Hungary against the See also:

• TURKS

Turks, the Frater was tempted to unite Austrian Hungary to Transylvania and procure the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of John Sigismund as the See also:

• NATIONAL

national king . But recognizing that this was impossible, he aimed at an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Ferdinand on terms of relative equality, and to this See also:

• SYSTEM

system he adhered till his See also:

• DEATH

death . Queen Isabella, who hated the Frater and constantly opposed him, complained of him to the sultan, who commanded that either the traitor himself or his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head should be sent to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople (1550) . A See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination was then formed against him of the queen, the hospodars of See also:

• MOLDAVIA

Moldavia and Wallachia and the Turks; but the Frater shut the queen up in Gyula-Fehervar, drove the hospodars out of Transylvania, defeated the Turks at See also:

• DEVA (mod. Chester)
• DEVA (Sanskrit " heavenly ")

Deva, and finally compelled Isabella to accept a composition with Austria very profitable to her family and to Transylvania, at the same time soothing the rage of the sultan by flatteries and gifts . This compact, a masterpiece of statesmanship, was See also:

• CON

con-firmed by the See also:

• DIET

diet of See also:

• KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)

Kolozsvar in August 1551 . The Frater retained the governorship of Transylvania, and was subsequently consecrated See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; Lat. Strigonium)

Esztergom and received the red See also:

• HAT

hat . Thus Hungary was once more reunited, but the inability of Ferdinand to defend it against the Turks, as promised, forced the Frater, for the See also:

• COMMON

common safety, to resume the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute to the Porte in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1551 . Unfortunately, the Turks no longer trusted a diplomatist they could not understand, while Ferdinand suspected him of an intention to secure Hungaryfor himself . When the Turks (in 1551) took Csanad and other places, the Frater and the imperial generals Castaldo and Pallavicini combined their forces against the common foe; but when the Frater privately endeavoured to mediate between the Turks and the Hungarians,Castaldo represented him to Ferdinand as a traitor, and asked permission to kill him if necessary .

The Frater's secretary Marco Aurelio See also:

• FERRARI, GAUDENZIO (1484-1549)
• FERRARI, GIUSEPPE (1812–1876)
• FERRARI, PAOLO (1822–1889)

Ferrari was hired, and stabbed his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master from behind at the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Alvinczy while See also:

• READING

reading a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter, on the 18th of December 1551; but the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal, though in his sixty-ninth year, fought for his life, and was only despatched with the aid of Pallavicini and a See also:

• BAND

band of bravos Ferdinand took the responsibility of the See also:

• MURDER

murder on himself He sent to See also:

• JULIUS

Julius III. an See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation of See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason against the Frater in eighty-seven articles, and after See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long hesitation, and See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and sixteen witnesses, the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope exonerated Ferdinand of blame . See A . Bechet, Histoire du ministere du cardinal Martinusius (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1715) ; O . M . Utiesenovic, Lebensgeschichte See also:

• DES

des Cardinals Georg UtiesenoviE (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1881); Codex epistolaris Fratris Georgii 7535-1551, ed . A . See also:

• KAROLYI, ALOYS, COUNT (1825-1889)

Karolyi (See also:

• BUDAPEST

Budapest, 1881) . But the most vivid presentation of Frater is to be found in M . See also:

• JOKAI, MAURUS (1825-1904)

Jokai's See also:

• FINE

fine historical See also:

• ROMANCE

romance, See also:

• BROTHER

Brother See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George (Hung.) (Budapest, 1893) . (R . N .