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See also:MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs) , a word meaning literally " See also:witness " and often used in that sense in the New Testament e.g . Matt. xviii . 16; See also:Mark xiv . 63 . During the conflict between Paganism and See also:Christianity when many Christians " testified " to the truth of their convictions by sacrificing their lives, the word assumed its See also:modern technical sense . The beginnings of this use are to be seen in such passages as Acts xxii . 2o; Rev. ii . 13, xiii . 6 . During the first three centuries the fortitude of these " witnesses " won the admiration of their brethren . Ardent See also:spirits craved the See also:martyr's See also:crown, and to confess See also:Christ in persecution was to attain a See also:glory inferior only to that won by those who actually died . Confessors were visited in See also:prison, martyrs' See also:graves were scenes of See also:pilgrimage, and the See also:day on which they suffered was celebrated as the birthday of their glory .
See also:Gregory XIII., who imposed the See also:Roman See also:martyrology upon the Martyrology was the most popular literature in the See also:early See also: There are also others in later days, in Phr is and See also:North See also:Africa, the numerous See also:editions of calendars or martyrologies of less universal especially Yg See also:interest, and commentaries upon them . Mention ought to be made See also:passion became artificial . Fanatics sought death by insulting of the famous See also:calendar of See also:Naples, commented on by Mazocchi the magistrates or by breaking idols, and in their See also:enthusiasm (Naples, 1744) and Sabbatini (Naples, 1744) . for martyrdom became self-centred and forgetful of their normal See C. de Smedt, Introductio generalis ad historiam ecclesi¢sticam See also:duty . None the less it is true that these men and See also:women endured Baackckerer, , ( i, 1876), pp . 127—156; H . Matagne and V. de See also:Buck in De Bibliotheque See also:des ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus, 2nd ed., torments, often unthinkable in their See also:cruelty, and death rather vol. iii. pp . 369–387; De Rossi-Duchesne, See also:Les See also:Sources du martyrologe than abandon their faith . The same phenomena have been hieronymien (Rome, 1885); H . Achelis, See also:Die Martyrologien, ihre witnessed, not only in the conflicts within the Church that Geschichte and ihr Wert (See also:Berlin, 1900) ; H . Delehaye, " Le Temoignage des martyrologes," in Analecta bollandiana, See also:xxvi . 78–99 (1907); marked the 13th to the 16th centuries, but in the different H .
Quentin, Les Martyrologes historiques du moyen dge (See also:Paris, See also:mission See also:fields, and particularly in See also:Madagascar and See also:China. r9o8)
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See also:Mason, The Historic Martyrs of the See also:Primitive Church MARULLUS, See also:MICHAEL TARCHANIOTA (d
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Workman, Persecution in the Early Church See also:scholar, poet, and soldier, was See also:born at See also:Constantinople
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In (London, 1906); See also:Paul Allard, Ten Lectures on the Martyrs (London, 1453, when the See also:Turks captured Constantinople, he was taken 1907) ; See also:
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