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MASTER ( See also: main divisions; as the title of the holder of a position of command or authority; as that of the holder of certain public or private offices, and hence a title of address; and as implying the relationship of a teacher to his pupils or of an employer to the persons he employs
.
As a title of the holder of an office, the use of the See also: Lat. magister is very See also: ancient
.
Magister equitum, master of the See also: horse, goes back to the early See also: history of the See also: Roman Republic (see DICTATOR; and for the See also: British office, MASTER OF THE HORSE)
.
In See also: medieval times the title was of See also: great frequency
.
In Du Cange (Glossarium) the article magister contains over 120 sub-headings
.
In the British royal See also: household most of the offices bearing this title are now obsolete
.
Of the greater offices, that of master of the buckhounds was abolished by the See also: Civil See also: List See also: Act 1901
.
The master of the household, master of the ceremonies, master of the See also: king's
See also: music still survive
.
Since 187o the office of master of the mint has been held by the chancellor of the See also: exchequer, all the administrative and other duties being exercised by the deputy master
.
At See also: sea, a " master " is more properly styled " master mariner." In the See also: merchant service he is the See also: commander of a See also: ship, and is by courtesy known as the captain
.
In the British See also: navy he was the officer entrusted with the navigation under the captain
.
He had no royal commission, but a warrant from the NavySee also: Board
.
Very often he had been a merchant captain
.
His duties are now performed by the staff commander or navigating See also: lieutenant
.
The master-at-arms is the See also: head of the See also: internal police of a ship; the same title is See also: borne by a See also: senior gymnastic instructor in the army
.
In -the See also: United States navy, the master is a commissioned officer below the See also: rank of lieutenant
.
" Master " appears as the title of many legal functionaries (for the masters of the supreme See also: court see See also: CHANCERY; and KING'S BENCH, COURT OF; for masters in lunacy see INSANITY: § See also: Law; see also MASTER OF THE ROLLS, below)
.
The " master of the faculties " is the chief officer of the archbishop of Canter-See also: bury in his court of faculties
.
His duties are concerned with the See also: appointment of notaries and the granting of See also: special licences of See also: marriage
.
The duties are performed ex officio by the See also: judge of the provincial courts of See also: Canterbury and See also: York, who is also dean of See also: Arches, in accordance with § 7 of the Public Worship
Regulation Act 1874
.
The " master of the See also: Temple " is the title of the See also: priest-in-See also: charge of the Temple See also: Church in
See also: London
.
It was formerly the title of the See also: grand master of the Knights See also: Templars
.
The priest-in-charge of the Templars' Church was properly styled the custos, and this was preserved by the Knights Hospitallers when they were granted the See also: property of the Templars at the dissolution of that See also: order
.
The act of 1S4o (32 See also: Henry VIII.), which dissolved the order of the Hospitallers, wrongly styled the custos master of the Temple, and the
See also: mistake has been continued
.
The proper title of a bencher of the Inns of Court is " master of the Bench " (see INNS OF COURT)
.
The title of " Master-General of the Ordnance " was revived in 2904 for the head of the Ordnance Department in the British military administration
.
" Master " is the ordinary word for a teacher, very generally used in the compound " schoolmaster." The word also is used in a sense transferred from this to express the relation between the founder of a school of See also: religion, philosophy, science, See also: art, &c., and his disciples
.
It is partly in this sense and partly in that of one whose See also: work serves as a See also: model or type of superlative excellence that such terms as " old masters " are used
.
In medieval See also: universities magister was particularly applied to one who had been granted a degree carrying with it the licentia docendi, the licence to teach
.
In See also: English usage this survives in the faculty of arts
.
The degree is that of artium magister, master of arts, abbreviated M.A
.
In the other faculties the corresponding degree is See also: doctor
.
Some British universities give a master's degree in surgery, magister chirurgiae, C.M. or M.Ch., and also in science) magister scientiae, M.Sc
.
The See also: academic use of " master " as the title of the head of certain colleges at the universities of See also: Oxford and Cambridge is to be referred to the frequent application of the See also: term to the holder of a presiding office in an institution
.
Master was the usual prefix of address to a See also: man's name, though originally confined to See also: people of some social See also: standing
.
Probably under the influence of "See also: mistress," it was corrupted in See also: sound to " mister," and was abbreviated to " Mr." In the See also: case of the puisne See also: judges of the High Court " Mr See also: Justice " is still used as the proper official See also: form of written address
.
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