See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

MATILDA (1102-1164)  , See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and empress, daughter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I. of England, by See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda, his first wife, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1102 . In 1109 she was betrothed to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor-elect, Henry V.; and was sent to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, but the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage was delayed till 1114 . Her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband died after eleven years of wedlock, leaving her childless; and, since both her See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers were now dead, she was recalled to her See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that she might be recognized as his successor in England and See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy . The See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of England did See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage to her under considerable pressure . Their reluctance to acknowledge a See also:

• FEMALE

female See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign was increased when Henry gave her in marriage to See also:

• GEOFFREY
• GEOFFREY (1158-1186)
• GEOFFREY (c. I152-1212)

Geoffrey See also:

• PLANTAGENET

Plantagenet, the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou and See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine (1129); nor was it removed by the See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of the future Henry II. in 1133 . On the old See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• DEATH

death both England and Normandy accepted his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen, of See also:

• MORTAIN

Mortain and See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne . Matilda and her husband were in Anjou at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . They wasted the next few years in the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to win Normandy; but See also:

• EARL

Earl See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, the See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the empress, at length induced her to visit England and raise her See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard in the western shires, where his influencewas supreme . Though on her first landing Matilda only escaped See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture through the misplaced See also:

• CHIVALRY (O. Fr. chevalerie, from Late Lat. caballerius)

chivalry of her opponent, she soon turned the tables upon him with the help of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church and the barons of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . Stephen was defeated and captured at See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln (1141); the empress was acclaimed See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady or queen of England (she used both titles indifferently) and crowned at See also:

• LONDON

London . But the arrogance which she displayed in her prosperity alienated the Londoners and the papal See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Henry of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester . Routed at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Winches-ter, she was compelled to See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release Stephen in See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange for Earl Robert, . and thenceforward her cause steadily declined in England .

In 1148, having lost by the earl's death her See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal supporter, she retired to Normandy, of which her husband had in the meantime gained See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession . Henceforward she remained in the background, leaving her eldest son Henry to pursue the struggle with Stephen . She outlived Henry's See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation by ten years; her husband had died in 1151 . As queen-See also:

• MOTHER

mother she played the See also:

• PART

part of a mediator between her sons and See also:

• POLITICAL

political parties . See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Age mellowed her See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper, and she turned more and more from See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular ambitions to charity and religious See also:

• WORKS

works . She died on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1164 . See O . Rossler, Kaiserin Mathilde (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1897) ; J . H . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round, Geoffrey de See also:

• MANDEVILLE, BERNARD DE (1670-1733)
• MANDEVILLE, GEOFFREY DE (d. 1144)

Mandeville (London, 1892) . (H . W .

C .