See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN LOUDON See also:

• JOHN LOUDON MCADAM (1756-1836)

MCADAM (1756-1836)  , Scottish inventor, who gave his name to the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of road-making known as " macadamizing," was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• AYR

Ayr, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, on the 21st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1756, being descended on his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side from the See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan of the McGregors . While at school he constructed a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model road-See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section . In 1770 he went to New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, entering the counting-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant See also:

• UNCLE

uncle . He returned to Scotland with a considerable See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune in 1783, and See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased an See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Sauhrie, See also:

• AYRSHIRE

Ayrshire . Among other public offices he held that of road trustee . The highways of See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain were at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in a very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition, and See also:

• MCADAM, JOHN LOUDON (1756-1836)

McAdam at once began to consider how to effect reforms . At his own expense he began at Sauhrie, despite much opposition, a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of experiments in road-making . In 1798 he removed to See also:

• FALMOUTH

Falmouth, where he had received a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, and continued his experiments there . His See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general conclusion was that roads should be constructed of broken See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone (see ROADS) . In 1815, having been appointed surveyor-general of the See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol roads, he was able to put his theories into practice . In 1819 he published a See also:

• PRACTICAL

Practical See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads, followed, in 182o, by the See also:

• PRESENT

Present See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of Road-making . As the result of a See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary inquiry in 1823 into the whole question of road-making, his views were adopted by the public authorities, and in 1827 he was appointed general surveyor of roads .

In pursuing his investigations he had travelled over See also:

• THIRTY

thirty thousand See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of road and expended over £5000 . See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament recouped him for his expenses and gave him a handsome gratuity, but he declined a proffered See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood . He died at Mofft, See also:

• DUMFRIES (Gaelic, " the fort in the copse ")

Dumfries-See also:

• SHIRE

shire, on the 26th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1836 .