PEDRO GONZALEZ DE See also:

• MENDOZA
• MENDOZA, ANTONIO HURTADO DE (1593?-1644)
• MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE (1503-1575)
• PEDRO GONZALEZ DE MENDOZA (1428-1495)

MENDOZA (1428-1495)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal and statesman, was the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth son of Ingo See also:

• LOPEZ, CARLOS ANTONIO (1790-1862)

Lopez de See also:

• MENDOZA
• MENDOZA, ANTONIO HURTADO DE (1593?-1644)
• MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE (1503-1575)
• MENDOZA, PEDRO GONZALEZ DE (1428-1495)

Mendoza, See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess of See also:

• SANTILLANA

Santillana, and See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Infantado . He was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GUADALAJARA

Guadalajara in New See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief lordship of his See also:

• FAMILY

family, on the 3rd of May 1428 . The See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Mendoza claimed to descend from the lords of Llodio in See also:

• ALAVA
• ALAVA, DON MIGUEL RICARDO DE (1770-1843)

Alava, and to have been settled in Old Castile, in the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . One chief of the house had been greatly distinguished at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of the Navas de Tolosa in 1212 . Another had been See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral of Castile in the reign of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso the See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

Wise . See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Cruel had endowed them with the lordships of See also:

• HITA, GINES PEREZ DE (1544?-16o5?)

Hita and Buitrago . The greatness of the Mendozas was completed by Pedro Gonzalez, who sacrificed his See also:

• LIFE

life to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John I. at the battle of Aijubarrota in 1385 . The cardinal's See also:

• FATHER

father, the See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis of Santillanato use the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title he See also:

• BORE

bore for the greater See also:

• PART

part of his life—was a poet, and was conspicuous during the troubled reign of John II . See also:

• LOYALTY

Loyalty to the See also:

• CROWN

Crown was the traditional and prevailing policy of the family . Pedro Gonzalez, the future cardinal, was sent into the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church mainly because he was a younger son and that he might be handsomely provided for . He had no vocation, and was an example of the worldly, See also:

• POLITICAL

political and See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial prelates of the 15th century . In 1452 at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-four, he was chosen by the king John II. to be See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• CALAHORRA (anc. Calagurris)

Calahorra, but did not receive the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope's See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull till 1454 .

As bishop of Calahorra he was also senor, or See also:

• CIVIL

civil and military ruler, of the See also:

• TOWN

town and its dependent See also:

• DISTRICT

district . In his See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular capacity he led the levies of Calahorra in the civil See also:

• WARS

wars of the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV . He fought for the king at the second battle of Olmedo on the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1467, and was wounded in the See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm . During these years he became attached to Dona Mencia de Lemus, a Portuguese See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady-in-waiting of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen . She bore him two sons, Rodrigo, who was once selected to be the See also:

• HUSBAND

husband of Lucrezia See also:

• BORGIA, CESARE
• BORGIA, FRANCIS (1510-1572)
• BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519)

Borgia, and Diego, who was the grandfather of the princess of See also:

• EBOLI (anc. Eburum)

Eboli of the reign of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II (see See also:

• PEREZ, ANTONIO (c. 1540-1611)

PEREZ, See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

ANTONIO.) By another lady of a See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid family he had a third son who afterwards emigrated to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . In 1468 he became bishop of Siguenza . In 1473 he was created cardinal, was promoted to the archbishopric of See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville and named See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of Castile . During the last years of the reign of King Henry IV. he was the See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan of the Princess See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, afterwards queen . He fought for her at the battle of See also:

• TORO

Toro on the 1st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1476; had a prominent part in placing her on the See also:

• THRONE

throne; and served her indefatigably in her efforts to suppress the disorderly nobles of Castile . In 1482 he became See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo . During the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada he contributed largely to the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . On the 2nd of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1492 he occupied the town in the name of the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic sovereigns .

Though his life was worldly, and though he was more soldier and statesman than See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, the " See also:

• GREAT

Great Cardinal," as he was° commonly called, did not neglect his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty as a bishop . He used his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with the queen and also at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to arrange a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the disputes between the Spanish sovereigns and the papacy . Though he maintained a splendid See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household as archbishop of Toledo, and provided handsomely for his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, he devoted part of his See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue to charity, and with part he endowed the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Cruz at Valladolid . His See also:

• HEALTH

health See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke down at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1493 . Queen Isabella visited and nursed him on his deathbed . It is said that he recommended her to choose as his successor the Franciscan Jimenez de Cisneros, a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who had no likeness to himself save in political See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty and devotion to the authority of the Crown . He died at Guadalajara on the lrth of January 1495 . The life of the cardinal, by Salazar de Mendoza, Cronica del gran cardinal See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza (Toledo, 1625), is discursive and garrulous but valuable . See also See also:

• PRESCOTT, WILLIAM HICKLING (1796-1859)

Prescott, See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand and Isabella.32,000 . It stands on a See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain near the See also:

• FOOT

foot of a secondary Andean range called the Sierra de los Paramillos, at an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 2320 ft . The surrounding district is arid, but has been irrigated and is covered with gardens, orchards and cultivated See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is about 15 m .

N. of the Mendoza, or Lujan See also:

• RIVER

river, whose See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters are utilized for See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation and for the requirements of the city by means of a channel which leaves the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main river a little above the town of Lujan and runs to the Tulumaya river and the lagoons of Huanacache . This channel is called El Zanj6n, and is believed to have been opened by Guaymallen, the chief of the Guarpes who inhabited this district at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the Spanish conquest, but it is more probably natural . The city is laid out in a See also:

• REGULAR

regular manner with broad well-paved streets and numerous public squares . The Zanj6n and another stream called the Guaymallen See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse the city, and the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal streets have See also:

• WATER

water flowing through them and are shaded by poplars . Because of See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake risks, the public buildings are neither costly nor imposing . The private residences are commonly of one See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey, built with wooden frames filled in with adobes . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is hot, dry and enervating, not-withstanding the elevation and the proximity of the See also:

• ANDES

Andes . The surrounding districts produce See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, vegetables, See also:

• ALFALFA

alfalfa and cereals . The vineyard See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry -is prominent, and raisins and See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine are exported . The position on the main route across the Andes into See also:

• CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

Chile, by way of the Uspallata or Cumbre pass (highest point 12,870 ft.), has given the city commercial importance . It has railway connexion with the principal cities of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic, including the ports of See also:

• ROSARIO

Rosario, Buenos Aires and See also:

• BAHIA

Bahia Blanca, and also with the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of See also:

• SAN

San Juan . Mendoza was founded by See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain Pedro del See also:

• CASTILLO

Castillo, who had been sent from See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago across the Andes in 1559 by See also:

• GARCIA
• GARCIA (DEL POPOLO VICENTO), MANOEL (1775-1832)

Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza, the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Chile, to conquer and annex the territory extending N.E. to See also:

• TUCUMAN
• TUCUMAN, or SAN MIGUEL DE TUCUMAN

Tucuman .

The city was named after Mendoza . It was made the capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Cuyo, and belonged to Chile down to 1776, when the province was transferred to the newly created viceroyalty of La See also:

• PLATA, RIO DE LA, or RIVER PLATE

Plata . It was the headquarters of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General San See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin while he was organizing an army for the liberation of Chile, and greatly assisted him with men and See also:

• MONEY

money . Under re-publican See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration Mendoza suffered much from revolutions . Moreover, on the loth of March 1861, the city was destroyed by an earthquake and a See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire which followed . Not a See also:

• BUILDING

building was See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• STANDING

standing, and the loss of life was estimated at 1o,000 to 12,000 . The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French geologist Bravard, who had predicted the See also:

• CATASTROPHE (Gr. Karaurpoch, from KaraQrp4ecv, to over-turn)

catastrophe, was one of its victims . The poplars in the streets, together with some See also:

• SPECIES

species of fruit-trees, were first planted in Mendoza by a Spaniard, Juan Cobos, in 1809, who thus became one of its greatest benefactors .