See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

FRIEDRICH See also:

• FRIEDRICH MESMER (or FRANZ) ANTON (1733–1815)

MESMER (or See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

FRANZ) ANTON (1733–1815)  , See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor; from whose name the word " Mesmerism " was coined (see See also:

• HYPNOTISM

HYPNOTISM), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Weil, near the point at which the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine leaves the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake of See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance, on the 23rd of May 1733 . He studied See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna under the eminent masters of that See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, See also:

• VAN

Van Swieten and De Haen; took a degree, and comthenced practice . Interested in See also:

• ASTROLOGY

astrology, he imagined that the stars exerted an See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on beings living on the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth . He identified the supposed force first with See also:

• ELECTRICITY

electricity, and then with See also:

• MAGNETISM
• MAGNETISM, TERRESTRIAL

magnetism; and it was but a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short step to suppose that stroking diseased bodies with magnets might effect a cure . He published his first See also:

• WORK

work (De planetarum influxu) in 1766 . Ten years later, on See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting with J . J . Gassner in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, he observed that the See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest effected See also:

• CURES

cures by manipulation alone . This led See also:

• MESMER, FRIEDRICH (or FRANZ) ANTON (1733–1815)

Mesmer to discard the magnets, and to suppose that some See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of occult force resided in himself by which he could influence others . He held that this force permeated the universe, and more especially affected the See also:

• NERVOUS

nervous systems of men . He re-moved to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1778, and in a short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital was thrown into a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• GREAT

great excitement by the marvellous effects of mesmerism . Mesmer soon made many convects; ,controversies arose; he excited the indignation of the medical See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of Paris, who stigmatized him as a See also:

• CHARLATAN (Ital. ciarlatano, from ciarlare, to chatter)

charlatan; still the See also:

• PEOPLE

people crowded to him .

He refused an offer of 20,000 francs from the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government for the disclosure of his See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret, but it is asserted that he really told all he knew privately to any one for roo See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

louis . He received private rewards of large sums of'See also:

• MONEY

money . His consulting apartments were dimly lighted and hung with mirrors; strains of soft See also:

• MUSIC

music occasionally See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke the profound silence; and the patients sat See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round a kind of vat in which various chemical ingredients were concocted . Holding each others' assigned to See also:

• DIONYSIUS
• DIONYSIUS (c. 432–367 B.C.)

Dionysius of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, have also been attributed to him . See J . F . Bellermann, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Hymnen See also:

• DES

des Dionysius and See also:

• MESOMEDES

Mesomedes (184o); C. de See also:

• JAN

Jan, Musici scriptores graeci (1899); S . See also:

• REINACH, JOSEPH (1856- )

Reinach in Revue des etudes grecques, ix . (1896); Suidas, s.v .