See also:

• MARCUS

MARCUS See also:

• VALERIUS, PUBLIUS

VALERIUS MESSALLA See also:

• CORVINUS, JANOS [JOHN] (1473–1504)

CORVINUS (64 B.C.-A.D. 8)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, author and See also:

• PATRON

patron of literature and See also:

• ART

art . He was educated partly at See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, together with See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace and the younger See also:

• CICERO

Cicero . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life he became attached to republican principles, which he never abandoned, although he avoided offending See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus by too open an expression of them . He moved that the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• PATER, WALTER HORATIO (1839-1894)

pater patriae should be bestowed upon Augustus, and yet resigned the. See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• PRAEFECT (praefectus)

praefect of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city after six days' See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, because it was opposed to his ideas of constitutionalism . In 43 B.C. he was proscribed, but managed to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape to the See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp of See also:

• BRUTUS (originally an adjective meaning " heavy," "stupid," kindred with Gr. aap(s, cf. Eng. " brute," " brutal")

Brutus and See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius . After the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• PHILIPPI (Turk. Filibejik)

Philippi (42) he went over to Antony, but subsequently transferred his support to Octavian . In 31 Messalla was appointed See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of Antony, and took See also:

• PART

part in the battle of See also:

• ACTIUM (mod. Punta)

Actium . He subsequently held commands in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, and suppressed the revolted Aquitanians; for this latter feat he celebrated a See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph in 27 . Messalla restored the road between See also:

• TUSCULUM

Tusculum and See also:

• ALBA

Alba, and many handsome buildings were due to his initiative . His See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on literature, which he encouraged after the manner of See also:

• MAECENAS, GAIUS (CILNIUS)

Maecenas, was considerable, and the See also:

• GROUP

group of See also:

• LITERARY

literary persons whom he gathered See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round him—including See also:

• TIBULLUS, ALBIUS (c. 54–19 B.c.)

Tibullus, Lygdamus and the poet See also:

• SULPICIA

Sulpicia—has been called " the Messalla circle." With Horace and Tibullus he was on intimate terms, and See also:

• OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid expresses his gratitude to him as the first to See also:

• NOTICE

notice and encourage his See also:

• WORK

work . • The two panegyrics by unknown authors (one printed among the poems of Tibullus as iv . I; the other included in the Catalepton, the collection of small poems attributed to See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil) indicate the esteem in which he was held .

Messalla was himself the author of various See also:

• WORKS

works, all of which are lost . They included See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WARS

wars after the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar, used by Suetonius and See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch; bucolic poems in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek; See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations of Greek speeches; occasional satirical and erotic verses; essays on the minutiae of See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar . As an orator, he followed Cicero instead of the Atticizing school, but his See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style was affected and artificial . Later critics considered him See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to Cicero, and Tiberius adopted him as a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model . See also:

• LATE

Late in life he wrote a work on the See also:

• GREAT

great Roman families, wrongly identified with an extant poem De progenie See also:

• AUGUSTI, JOHANN CHRISTIAN WILHELM (1772-1841)

Augusti Caesaris bearing the name of Messalla, but really a 15th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production . Monographs by L . Wiese (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1829), j . M . Valeton (Gr6ningen, 1874), L . See also:

• FONTAINE, PIERRE FRANCOIS LEONARD (1762-1853)

Fontaine (See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles, 1878); H . Schulz, De M . V. aetate (1886); Messalla in Aquitania by J .

P . Postgate in Classical See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1903; W . Y . See also:

• SELLAR, WILLIAM YOUNG (1825-1890)

Sellar, Roman Poets of the Augustan See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Age . Horace and the Elegiac Poets (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1892), pp . 213 and 221 to 258; the See also:

• SPURIOUS

spurious poem ed. by R . Mecenate (182o) . Two other members of this distinguished See also:

• FAMILY

family of the See also:

• VALERIAN

Valerian pens may be mentioned: I . See also:

• MARCUS

MARCUS See also:

• VALERIUS, PUBLIUS

VALERIUS MESSALLA, See also:

• FATHER

father of the preceding, consul in 53 B.C . He was twice accused of illegal practices in connexion with the elections; on the first occasion he was acquitted, in spite of his obvious See also:

• GUILT

guilt, through the eloquence of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle See also:

• QUINTUS

Quintus See also:

• HORTENSIUS, QUINTUS
• HORTENSIUS, QUINTUS (114—50 B.C.)

Hortensius; on the second he was condemned . He took the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Caesar in the civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . Nothing appears to be known of his later See also:

• HISTORY

history .

He was augur for fifty-five years and wrote a work on the See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of See also:

• DIVINATION
• DIVINATION, OMEN, ASTROLOGY

divination . Cicero, Ad Fam. vi . 18, viii . 4, ad Atticum, iv . 16; Dio Cassius xl . 17, 45; Bellum africanum, 28; See also:

• MACROBIUS, AMBROSIUS THEODOSIUS

Macrobius, Saturnalia, i . 9, 14; Aulus See also:

• GELLIUS, AULUS (c. A.D. 13o-I8o)

Gellius xiii . 14, 3 . 2 . MANIUS VALERIUS See also:

• MAXIMUS
• MAXIMUS, ST (c. 58o-662)

MAXIMUS See also:

• CORVINUS, JANOS [JOHN] (1473–1504)

CORVINUS MESSALLA, consul 263 B.C . In this See also:

• YEAR

year, with his colleague Manius Otacilius (or Octacilius) See also:

• CRASSUS (literally " dense," " thick," " fat ")

Crassus, he gained a brilliant victory over the Carthaginians and Syracusans; the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of a triumph was decreed to him alone . His See also:

• RELIEF

relief of Messana obtained him the cognomen Messalla, which remained in the family for nearly 800 years .

To commemorate his Sicilian victory, he caused it to be pictorially represented on the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of the See also:

• CURIA

Curia Ilostilia, the first example of an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• FRESCO (Ital. for cool, " fresh ")

fresco at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . He is said also to have brought the first See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-See also:

• DIAL

dial from Catana to Rome, where it was set up on a See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column in the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum . See also:

• POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

Polybius i . 16'; Diod . Sic. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . 4; See also:

• ZONARAS, JOANNES (JOHN)

Zonaras viii . 9; See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny, Nat . Hist., vii . 6o, See also:

• XXXV

xxxv . 4 (7) .