MICHAEL IV  . (d . 1041), " the Paphlagonian," owed his elevation to Zoe, daughter of Constantine VIII., who was the wife of Romanus III., but becoming enamoured of Michael, her chamberlain, poisoned her husband and married her attendant (1034) . Michael, however, being of a weak character and subject to epileptic fits, left the government in the hands of his brother, John the Eunuch, who had been first minister of Constantine and Romanus . John's reforms of the army and financial system revived for a while the strength of the Empire, which held its own successfully against its foreign enemies . On the eastern frontier the important post of Edessa was relieved after a prolonged siege . The western Saracens were almost driven out of Sicily by George Maniakes (1038—40); but an expedition against the Italian Normans suffered several defeats, and after the recall of Maniakes most of the Sicilian conquests were lost (1041) . In the north the Serbs achieved a successful revolt (1040), but a dangerous rising by the Bulgarians and Slays which threatened the cities of Thrace and Macedonia was repressed by a triumphant campaign which the decrepit emperor undertook in person shortly before his death (1041) .