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JOHN MICHELL (1724-1793)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 371 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:MICHELL (1724-1793)  , See also:English natural philosopher and geologist, was See also:born in 1724, and educated at Queens' See also:College, See also:Cambridge . His name appears See also:fourth in the Tripos See also:list for 1748-1749; and in 1755 he was See also:moderator in that examination . He became M.A. in 1752, and B.D. in 1761 . He was a See also:fellow of his college, and was appointed Woodwardian See also:professor of See also:geology in 1762, and in 1767 See also:rector of See also:Thornhill in See also:Yorkshire, where he died on the 29th of See also:April 1793 . He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in the same See also:year as See also:Henry See also:Cavendish (176o) . In 1750 he published at Cambridge a See also:work of some eighty pages entitled A See also:Treatise of Artificial Magnets, in which is shown an easy and expeditious method of making them See also:superior to the best natural ones . Besides the description of the method of magnetization which still bears his name, this work contains a variety of accurate magnetic observations, and is distinguished by a lucid exposition of the nature of magnetic See also:induction . He was the See also:original inventor of the torsion See also:balance, which afterwards became so famous in the hands of its second inventor See also:Coulomb . See also:Michell described it in his proposal of a method for obtaining the mean See also:density of the See also:earth . He did not live to put his method into practice; but this was done by Henry Cavendish, who made, by means of Michell's apparatus, the celebrated determination that now goes by the name of Cavendish's experiment (Phil . Trans., 1708) . His most important See also:geological See also:essay was that entitled Conjectures concerning the Cause and Observations upon the Phaenomena of Earthquakes (Phil .

Trans., li . 176o), which showed a remarkable knowledge of the strata in various parts of See also:

England and abroad . Michell's other contributions to See also:science are: " Observations on the See also:Comet of See also:January 176o at Cambridge, Phil . Trans . (176o) ; " A Recommendation of See also:Hadley's Quadrant for See also:Surveying," ibid . (1765) ; " Proposal of a Method for measuring Degrees of See also:Longitude upon See also:Parallels of the See also:Equator," ibid . (1766) ; " An Inquiry into the Probable See also:Parallax and Magnitude of the Fixed Stars," ibid . (1767); " On the Twinkling of the Fixed Stars," ibid . (1767), " On the Means of Discovering the Distance, Magnitude, &c., of the Fixed Stars," ibid . (1784) .

End of Article: JOHN MICHELL (1724-1793)
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