UNIVERSITY OF See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

MICHIGAN  , one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal educational institutions of the See also:

• UNITED

United States, situated at See also:

• ANN

Ann Arbor, See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan . It embraces a See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of literature, See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and the arts (including See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry and See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce), opened in 1841, and including a See also:

• GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

graduate school, organized in 1892; a department of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine and See also:

• SURGERY
• SURGERY (Fr. chirurgie, from Gr. Xetpoupyfa, i.e. hand-work)

surgery, opened in 185o; a department of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, opened in 1859; a school of See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy, opened as a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate department in 1876; a 'homoeopathic medical See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college, opened in 1875; a college of dental surgery, opened in 1875; and a department of See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering, separately organized in 1895, which includes courses in marine engineering, See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, and architectural engineering . The university was one of the first to admit See also:

• WOMEN

women, having opened its doors to them in 1870 as a natural consequence of its receiving aid from the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state (since 1867), and since 1900 they have constituted nearly one-See also:

• HALF

half of the student See also:

• BODY

body in the department of literature, science and the arts . In 1907-1908 there were in all departments 350 instructors and 5013 students (1796 in the department of literature, science and the arts; 1354 in the department of engineering; 391 in the department of medicine and surgery; 791 in the department of law; Tor in the school of pharmacy; 82 in the homoeopathic medical college; 168 in the college of dental surgery; and 1070 in the summer sessions) . Besides the several See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main department buildings there is a library See also:

• BUILDING

building, a museum building, several laboratories, a gymnasium for men, and a gymnasium for women . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general library in 1908 contained 172,940 volumes, 3800 See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets, and 3370 maps, and the several department See also:

• LIBRARIES

libraries brought the See also:

• TOTAL

total up to 222,600 volumes and 5000 pamphlets . The general museum contains large zoological collections, See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological and anthropological collections, including the exhibit of the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government at the New See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans Exposition, which was given by the government to the university in 1885; there are besides several See also:

• SPECIAL

special collections in some of the laboratories . The astronomical See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory is surmounted by a movable See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome in which is mounted a refracting See also:

• TELESCOPE

telescope having a thirteen-See also:

• INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch See also:

• OBJECT

object See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass . The several laboratories are equipped for use in instruction in physics, See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy, See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology, See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

zoology, See also:

• PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGY (>Guxrl, the mind or soul, and X yos, theory)

psychology, See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, forestry, actuarial See also:

• WORK

work, engineering, See also:

• HISTOLOGY
• HISTOLOGY (Gr. Ler6c, web, tissue, properly the web-beam of the loom, from iQravai, to make to stand)

histology, See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

physiology, See also:

• HYGIENE (Fr. hygiene, from Gr. ir'taivety, to be healthy)

hygiene, See also:

• ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS

electrotherapeutics, See also:

• PATHOLOGY (from Gr. raBos, suffering)

pathology, See also:

• ANATOMY
• ANATOMY (Gr. avaroyil, from ava-silo c', to cut up)

anatomy and See also:

• DENTISTRY (from Lat. dens, a tooth)

dentistry . The university is governed from without by a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of eight regents elected by popular See also:

• SUFFRAGE (Lat. suffragium)

suffrage, two biennially, at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time as the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges of the supreme See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court; fromwithin .the government is to a large extent in the hands of a university See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, in which the See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of each department is represented . The university is maintained by a permanent See also:

• ANNUITY (from Lat. annus, a year)

annuity of $30,000, derived from the See also:

• LAND

land set apart for it by the See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

Ordinance of 1787, by the proceeds of a three-eighths See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill tax, and by small fees paid by the students . Its organic relation to the other public See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of the state was well established in 1870, when it was provided that graduates from such high schools as had been examined and approved by a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the university should be admitted without examination; one of the most important functions of the university is to prepare students for teaching in the high schools .

The first See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter for a university within what is now the state was granted by the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and judges of the Territory of Michigan in 1817, for a " Catholepistemiad," or University of Michigania, with a remarkable " See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek " See also:

• SYSTEM

system of nomenclature for its courses and faculties; this institution did practically no teaching . A second charter was granted in 1821, for a University of Michigan in See also:

• DETROIT

Detroit; but little was accomplished until the See also:

• ADMISSION

admission of Michigan into the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union as a state in 1837, when by the third charter the aim was to See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model the institution after the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German university minus the theological department, and the university was entrusted to a board of regents and a See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor appointed by the governor . Branches to correspond to the German gymnasia were established in the principal towns before any See also:

• MONEY

money was spent on the University proper, but the question of the constitutionality of ,their See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment and See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance arose, and they were soon discontinued . Plans for building at Ann Arbor were begun in 1838 . The first class graduated in 1845 . The department of literature, science and the arts was at first much like a New See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England college . For some time the prospects did not seem promising; but in 1851 a new state constitution provided that the regents should be elected, and directed them to choose a See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president; and it was under the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration (1852-1863) of the first See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent of that See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip Tappan (18o5-1881), that the See also:

• PRESENT

present broad and liberal basis was established . Although he was a Presbyterian clergyman, he. endeavoured at the outset to substitute the tests of scholarship for those of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion; at the same time a scientific course was introduced, courses in pedagogy followed, and in 1878 the elective system, which has since rapidly See also:

• EXPANDED

expanded, was established . President Tappan was succeeded in 1863 by See also:

• ERASTUS, THOMAS (1524-1583)

Erastus See also:

• OTIS, HARRISON GRAY (1765-1848)
• OTIS, JAMES (1725–1783)

Otis Haven (1820-1881), who resigned in 1869, and was succeeded temporarily (1869-1871) by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Henry S . See also:

• FRIEZE

Frieze (1817-1889), and in 1871 by See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Burrill See also:

• ANGELL, GEORGE THORNDIKE (1823-1909)

Angell (b . 1829),1 who resigned in 1909 . In 1871-1872 the German seminar method was introduced in graduate work in See also:

• HISTORY

history, by Prof .

See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• KENDALL, HENRY CLARENCE (1841-1882)

Kendall See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams (1835-1902), afterwards president of Cornell University (1885-1892) and of the University of See also:

• WISCONSIN (known as " the Badger' state ")
• WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF

Wisconsin (1892-1902) . See B . A . Hinsdale and I . N . Demmon, History of the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, 1906) ; See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth M . Farrand, History of the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, 1885) ; and The See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

Quarter Centennial of the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

Presidency of James Burrill Angell (Ann Arbor, 1896) .