See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS AUGUSTE See also:

• ALEXIS
• ALEXIS, WILLIBALD

ALEXIS See also:

• FRANCOIS AUGUSTE ALEXIS MIGNET (1796–1884)

MIGNET (1796–1884)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French historian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• AIX

Aix in See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence on the 8th of May 1796, and died at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 24th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1884 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, a Vendean by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, was an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary locksmith, who enthusiastically accepted the principles of the French Revolution and roused in his son the same love for liberal ideas . See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois had brilliant successes when studying at See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon in the lycee where he was afterwards See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor (1815); he returned to Aix to study See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and in 1818 was called to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, where his eloquence would have ensured his success had he not preferred the career of an historian . His abilities were shown in an Eloge de See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VII., which was crowned by the See also:

• ACADEMIC

Academic de See also:

• NIMES
• NIMES, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Nemausensia)

Nimes in 182o, and a memoir on See also:

• LES

Les Institutions de See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, which in 1821 was crowned by the Academie See also:

• DES

des See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

Inscriptions et Belles Lettres . He then went to Paris, where he was soon joined by his friend and compatriot, Adolphe See also:

• THIERS

Thiers, the future See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the French See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic . He was introduced by J . A . See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel, formerly a member of the See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention, to the Liberal See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, Courrier frangais, where he became a member of the See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff which carried on a fierce See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen-and-See also:

• INK (from Late Lat. encaustum, Gr. gysavorov, the purple ink used by Greek and Roman emperors, from iyKaiew, to burn in)

ink warfare against the Restoration . He acquired his knowledge of the men and intrigues of the See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

Napoleonic See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch from Talleyrand . He wrote a Histoire de la revolution francaise (1824) in support of the Liberal cause . It was an enlarged See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch, prepared in four months, in which more stress was laid on fundamental theories than on the facts, which are more rigidly linked together than their See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical sequence warrants . In 183o he founded the See also:

• NATIONAL

National with Thiers and Armand See also:

• CARREL, JEAN BAPTISTE NICOLAS ARMAND (18o0-1836)

Carrel, and signed the journalists' protest against the Ordonnances de juillet, but he refused to accept his See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of the spoil after his party had won .

He was satisfied with the modest position of director of the archives at the See also:

• FOREIGN

Foreign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office, where he stayed till the revolution of 1848, when he was dismissed, and retired permanently into private See also:

• LIFE

life . He had been elected a member of the Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, re-established in 1832, and in 1837 was made the permanent secretary; he was also elected a member of the Academic Francaise in 1836, and sought no further honours . He was well known in fashionable circles, where his witty conversation and his pleasant See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners made him a favourite . The greater See also:

• PART

part of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was, however, given to study and to his academic duties . Eulogies on his deceased See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-members, the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy reports on its See also:

• WORK

work and on the prizes awarded by it, which it was part of See also:

• MIGNET, FRANCOIS AUGUSTE ALEXIS (1796–1884)

Mignet's See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty as secretary to draw up, were See also:

• LITERARY

literary fragments thoroughly appreciated by connoisseurs . They were collected in Mignet's Notices et portraits . He worked slowly when in his study, and willingly lingered over See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research . With the exception of his description of the French Revolution, which was chiefly a See also:

• POLITICAL

political manifesto, all his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• WORKS

works refer to the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages—De La feodalite, des institutions de Saint Louis et de l'See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence de la legislation de ce See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince (1822); La Germanie 'au viiie et an ixe siecle, sa See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion au christianisme, et son introduction clans la societe civilisee de l'See also:

• EUROPE

Europe occidentale (1834); Essai sur la formation territoriale et politique de la See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France depuis la fin du xie siecle jusqu'd la fin du xve (1836); all of these are rough sketches showing only the outlines of the subject . His most noted works are devoted to See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• HISTORY

history . For a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long time he had been taken up with a history of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, but only one part of it, dealing with the Reformation at See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, has been published . His Histoire de See also:

• MARIE

Marie See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart (2 vols., 1851) is well See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth See also:

• READING

reading; 'the author made liberal use of some important unpublished documents, taken for the greater part from the archives of See also:

• SIMANCAS

Simancas . He devoted some volumes to a history of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, which had a well-deserved success—Charles Quint, son See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication, son sejour, et sa snort au monastere de Yuste (1845); See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio See also:

• PEREZ, ANTONIO (c. 1540-1611)

Perez et Philippe II .

(1845); and Histoire de la rivalite de Francois I. et de Charles Quint (1875) . At the same time he had been commissioned to publish the See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic acts See also:

• RELATING

relating to the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession for the Collection des documents inedits; only four volumes of these Negotiations were published (1835-1842), and they do not go further than the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• NIJMWEGEN, NIMEGUEN, NYMEGEN

Nijmwegen; but the introduction is celebrated, and Mignet reprinted it in his Melanges historiques . See the eulogy of Mignet by See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• DURUY, JEAN VICTOR (1811—1894)

Duruy, delivered on entering the Academie Francaise on the 18th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1885, and the See also:

• NOTICE

notice by Jules See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon, read before the Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques on the 7th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1885 .