MINERVA  , an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian goddess, subsequently identified with See also:

• ATHENA (the Attic form of the Homeric Athene, also called Athenaia, Pallas Athene, Pallas)

Athena . She presided over all handicrafts, inventions, arts and sciences . Her See also:

• OLDEST

oldest See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome was in the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple built by Tarquin on the Capitol, where she was worshipped with See also:

• JUPITER

Jupiter and See also:

• JUNO

Juno . She had also a temple on the Aventine, which was the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place for dramatic poets and actors, whose organization into See also:

• GILDS, or GUILDS

gilds under her patronage dated from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Livius Andronicus (q.v.) . The See also:

• DEDICATION (Lat. dedicatio, from dedicare, to proclaim, to announce)

dedication See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of the temple was the 19th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, the See also:

• GREAT

great festival of Minerva, called quinquatrus, because it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell on the fifth day after the ides . All the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools had holidays at this time, and the pupils on reassembling brought a See also:

• FEE

fee (minerval) to the teachers . In every See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house also the quinquatrus was a See also:

• HOLIDAY

holiday, for Minerva (like Athena Ergane) was See also:

• PATRON

patron of the See also:

• WOMEN

women's See also:

• WEAVING

weaving and See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning and the workmen's See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft . At a later time the festival extended over five days, the last four being chiefly occupied with gladiatorial shows—because Minerva was the goddess of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war (See also:

• OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid, See also:

• FASTI

Fasti, iii . 809-834; See also:

• JUVENAL (DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS) (c. 60-140)

Juvenal x . 115, with See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

Mayor's See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note) . The erection of a temple to her by See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey out of the spoils of his eastern conquests shows that she was the bestower of victory, like Athena See also:

• NIKE

Nike, and the dedication of a See also:

• VESTIBULE (from Lat. vestibulum)

vestibule in the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate house by See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus recalls Athena the goddess of counsel (fouXaia) . Under See also:

• DOMITIAN (Thus FLAVIUS DOMITIANUS)

Domitian, who claimed her See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• PROTECTION

protection, the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of Minerva attained its greatest See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

vogue in Rome .

The See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian founded an educational institution, named after her the See also:

• ATHENAEUM

Athenaeum . The 23rd of March had always been the day of the tubilustrium, or See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification of the trumpets used in the sacred See also:

• RITES

rites, so that the ceremony came to be on the last day of Minerva's festival, but it is very doubtful whether it was really connected with her . There was another temple of Minerva on the Caelian See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, where she was worshipped under the name of Capta, the " See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive," the origin of which is unknown . Here a festival called the lesser quinquatrus was celebrated on the 13th-14th of See also:

• JUNE

June, chiefly by the See also:

• FLUTE

flute-players (See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy ix . 30; Ovid, Fasti, vi . 651) . As the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans learnt the use of the flute from the Etruscans, the fact of Minerva being the patron goddess of flute-players is in favour of her See also:

• ETRUSCAN

Etruscan origin, although it may merely be a See also:

• REMINISCENCE (from Lat. reminisci, to remember)

reminiscence of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story which attributed the invention of the flute to Athena . A carved See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image of the goddess called the See also:

• PALLADIUM (Gr. sraXXit&ov)
• PALLADIUM [symbol Pd, atomic weight Io6.7 (O=16)]

Palladium, said to have been brought from See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy to See also:

• LAVINIUM

Lavinium, and thence to Rome by the See also:

• FAMILY

family of the Nautii, was kept in the temple of See also:

• VESTA (Gr. 'Errata)

Vesta and carefully guarded as necessary to the prosperity of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city .