See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

MINISTER (See also:

• LAT

Lat. minister, servant)  , an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title both See also:

• CIVIL

civil and ecclesiastical . The word See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister as originally used in the Latin See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church was a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek &hKOYOS, See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon; thus Lactantius speaks of presbyteri et ministri, priests and deacons (De mort. persecutorum, No . 15), and in this sense it is still technically used; thus See also:

• CANON

canon vi., Sess. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii. of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent speaks of the See also:

• HIERARCHY (Gr. iepos, holy, and apxe.v, to rule)

hierarchy as consisting " ex episcopis, presbyteris et ministris." But the equivocal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the word soon led to the blurring of any strictly technical sense it once possessed . Bishops signed themselves minister in the spirit of humility, priests were "servants of the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar" (ministri altaris), while sometimes the phrase ministri ecclesiae was used to denote the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy in See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor orders (see Lex Bajwar. tit . 8, quoted in Du Cange) . A similar equivocal character attaches to the word minister as used in the See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican formularies: " Oftentimes it is made to See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person officiating in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, whether See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest or deacon; at other times it denoteth the priest alone, as contradistinguished from the deacon " (See also:

• BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

Burn's Eccl . See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law, ed . See also:

• PHILLIMORE, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH (1810-1885)

Phillimore, iii . 44) . Thus the 33rd canon of 1603 orders that " no See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop shall make any person a deacon and minister both together upon one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day." Generally, however, it may be said that in the use of the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England " minister " means no more than executor officii, a sense in which it was used See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . As the most colourless of all official ecclesiastical titles, it is easy to see how the word minister has come to be applied to the clergy of See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant denominations . The phrase " minister of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion " is wide enough to embrace any evangelical See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, ,and has about it more of the savour of humility than " pastor." The civil title of minister originates in the same exact sense of servant, i.e. servants of the royal See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household (ministri aulae regis) .

This origin is still clearly traceable in the titles of some ministers in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, e.g. See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer, first See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, and in the official See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of " his See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty's servants " applied to all . Practically, however, the word minister has in See also:

• MODERN

modern states come to be applied to the heads of the great administrative departments who as such are members of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . On the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent there are, besides, " ministers without See also:

• PORTFOLIO (shortened form of Porto folio, adapted from the Ital. portafogli, portare, to carry, and fogli, sheets or leaves of paper, Lat. folium, leaf)

portfolio," i.e. ministers who, without being in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of any See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, are members of the government . In general it is distinctive of constitutional states that any public See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign must See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear the countersignature of the minister responsible for the department concerned . (See the articles See also:

• MINISTRY

MINISTRY and See also:

• CABINET

CABINET . For the See also:

• HISTORY

history and meanings of the word " minister " in See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy, see DIPLoMAcY.) (W . A .