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JOHANN VON MIQUEL (1829-1901)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 566 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHANN VON See also:

MIQUEL (1829-1901)  , See also:German statesman, was See also:born at Neuenhaus, See also:Hanover, on the 19th of See also:February 1829, being descended from a See also:French See also:family which had emigrated during the Revolution . He learnt See also:law at the See also:universities of See also:Heidelberg and See also:Gottingen . Studying the writings of Karl See also:Marx he became a convert to an extreme revolutionary, socialistic and atheistic creed; but though he entered into See also:correspondence with Marx, with the See also:object of starting a revolutionary See also:movement, he does not appear to have taken any overt See also:part in the events of 1848-1849 . Further study of See also:political See also:economy soon enabled him to pass out of this phase, and in 185o he settled down to practise as an See also:advocate at Gottingen . He acquired repute as an able lawyer and a rising politician, and especially for his knowledge of See also:financial questions . He was one of the founders of the German Nationalverein, and in 1864 he was elected a member of the Hanoverian See also:parliament as a Liberal and an opponent of the See also:government . He accepted the See also:annexation of Hanover by See also:Prussia without regret, and was one of the Hanoverians whose See also:parliamentary abilities at once won a commanding position in the Prussian parliament, which he entered in 1867 . For some See also:reason—perhaps because See also:Bismarck did not entirely See also:trust him—he did not at this See also:time attain quite so influential a position as might have been anticipated; nevertheless he was chairman of the parliamentary See also:committee which in 1876 drafted the new rules of legal See also:procedure, and he found See also:scope for his See also:great administrative abilities in the See also:post of burgomaster of See also:Osnabruck . He held this position from 1865 to 187o, and again from 1876 to 1879, being in the meantime (1870-1873) a director of the Discontogesellschaft . In 1879 he was elected burgomaster of See also:Frankfort-on-See also:Main, where he gained a great reputation for the See also:energy with which he dealt with social questions, especially that of the See also:housing of the poor . Probably owing to his See also:early study of See also:socialism, he was very ready to support the new See also:state socialism of Bismarck . He was the See also:chief See also:agent in the reorganization of the See also:National Liberal party in 1887, in which See also:year he entered the imperial Reichstag .

After Bismarck's fall in 1890 he was chosen Prussian`' See also:

minister of See also:finance, and held this post for ten years . He distinguished himself by his reform of the Prussian See also:system of See also:taxation, the one really successful measure of the new reign in See also:internal affairs . An See also:attempt, however, to reform the system of imperial finance in 1893-1894 failed, and much injuredhis reputation . See also:Miquel had entirely given up his Liberalism, and aimed at See also:practical See also:measures for improving the See also:condition of the See also:people irrespective of the party programmes; yet some of his measures—such as that for taxing " Waarenhauser " (stores)—were of a very injudicious nature . He professed to aim at a See also:union of parties on the basis of the See also:satisfaction of material interests, a policy to which the name of Sammlung was given; but his enemies accused him of constantly intriguing against the three chancellors under whom he served, and of himself attempting to secure the first See also:place in the state . The sympathy which he expressed for the Agrarians increased his unpopularity among Liberals and industrials; but he pointed out that the state, which for See also:half a See also:century had done everything to help manufactures, might now attempt to support the failing See also:industry of See also:agriculture . In See also:June 1901 the rejection of the See also:canal See also:bill led to a crisis, and he was obliged to send in his resignation . His See also:health was already failing, and he died on the 8th of See also:September of the same year at his See also:house in Frankfort .

End of Article: JOHANN VON MIQUEL (1829-1901)
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