See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

FRANCESCO See also:

• FRANCESCO MIRANDA (c. 1754-1816)

MIRANDA (c. 1754-1816)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish-See also:

• AMERICAN

American soldier and adventurer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CARACAS

Caracas, See also:

• VENEZUELA

Venezuela, about 1754 . He entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and served with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in the American See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence . The success of that war inspired him with a belief that the independence of Spanish See also:

• AMERICA

America would increase its prosperity . He began to See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme a revolution, but was discovered and had only just See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape to the See also:

• UNITED

United States . Thence he went to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he was introduced to See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt, but chiefly lived with the leading members of the opposition—See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

Fox, See also:

• SHERIDAN
• SHERIDAN, PHILIP HENRY (1831-1888)

Sheridan and See also:

• ROMILLY, JOHN ROMILLY, 1ST BARON (1802-1874)
• ROMILLY, SIR SAMUEL (1757-1818)

Romilly . Finding no help, he travelled through See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria and See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, where he was warmly received, but was dismissed with See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich presents, at the demand of the Spanish See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, backed up by See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . The See also:

• NEWS

news of the dispute between England and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain about See also:

• NOOTKA

Nootka See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

Sound in 1790 recalled him to England, where he saw a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of Pitt, but the peaceful arrangement of the dispute again destroyed his hopes . In See also:

• APRIL

April 1792 he went to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris/ with introductions to Petion and the leading See also:

• GIRONDISTS (Fr. Girondins)

Girondists, hoping for aid in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South America . France had too much to do to help others; but See also:

• MIRANDA, FRANCESCO (c. 1754-1816)

Miranda's See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends sent him to the front as See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade . He distinguished himself under See also:

• DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANCOIS (1739—1823)

Dumouriez, was entrusted in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1793 with the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Maestricht, and commanded the See also:

• LEFT

left wing of the French army at the disastrous See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• NEERWINDEN

Neerwinden . Although he had given See also:

• NOTICE

notice of Dumouriez's treachery, he was put on his trial on the 12th of May, unanimously acquitted, but again imprisoned, and not released till after the 9th See also:

• THERMIDOR (from Gr. BEpµrt, heat, and & pov, gift)

Thermidor . He was sentenced to be deported after the struggle of Vendemiaire, yet he continued in Paris till the coup d'etat of Fructidor caused him to take See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in England .

He now found Pitt and Dundas ready to listen, but, as neither of them would or could give him substantial help, he went to the United States, where See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams only gave him See also:

• FAIR

fair words . Addington might have done something for him but for the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens in 1802 . Though in no way amnestied, he returned to Paris, but was expelled by the First See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

Consul, who was eager to be on good terms with Spain . Disappointed in England and the United States, he decided to make an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at his own expense . Aided by two American citizens, See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel W . S . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith and Mr S . G . See also:

• OGDEN

Ogden, he equipped the " Leander," in 18o6, and with the help of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral See also:

• SIR

Sir A . Cochrane made a landing near Caracas, and proclaimed the Colombian See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic . He had some success, but a false See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report of peace between France and England caused the English admiral to withdraw his support . At last, in 181o, the events in Spain which brought about the See also:

• PENINSULAR

Peninsular War had divided the authorities in Spanish America, some of whom declared for See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• BONAPARTE

Bonaparte, others for See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand VII., others for See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IV., and Miranda again landed, and got a large party together who declared a republic both in Venezuela and New See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada or See also:

• COLOMBIA

Colombia .

But Miranda's See also:

• DESIRE

desire—that all the South American colonies should See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a federal republic—awoke the selfishness of provincial administrations, and the cause was believed to be hateful to See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven owing to a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake on the 26th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1812 . The See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• MONTE

Monte Verde, the See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, had little difficulty in defeating Miranda, and on the 26th of See also:

• JULY

July the general capitulated on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that he should be deported to the United States . The condition was not observed; Miranda was moved from See also:

• DUNGEON

dungeon to dungeon, and died on the 14th of July 1816 at See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz . There are allusions to Miranda's See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life in nearly all See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs of the time, but they are not generally very accurate . For his trial see See also:

• BUCHEZ, PHILIPPE JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1796-1865)

Buchez et Roux, Histoire arlementaire, See also:

• XXVII

xxvii . 26-70 . For his later life see J . Biggs, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Miranda's Attempt in South America (See also:

• LONDON

London, 18o9); and Veggasi, Revolution de la Colombia . Prof_ See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William S . See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson has recently devoted considerable See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research in the Spanish archives and elsewhere to Miranda, his monograph on F. de M. and the revolutionizing of Spanish America being awarded a See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of the American See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Association in 1908 . See also Marques de Rojas, El General Miranda (Paris, 1884), and his Miranda dans la revolution francaise (Caracas, 1889) ; and R . See also:

• BECERRA, GASPAR (1520-1570)

Becerra, Ensayo historico documentado de la See also:

• VIDA, MARCO GIROLAMO (c. 1489-1566)

vida de See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don F. de M .

(Caracas, 1896) .