See also:

• MIGUEL, MARIA EVARIST (1802–1866)

MIGUEL DE See also:

• MIGUEL DE MOLINOS (c. 1640-1697)

MOLINOS (c. 1640-1697)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish divine, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief apostle of the religious revival known as See also:

• QUIETISM

Quietism, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 164o near See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa . He entered the priesthood and settled in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome about 1670 . There he became well known as a director of consciences, being on specially friendly terms with See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Odescalchi, who in 1676 became See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent XI . In the previous See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• MOLINOS, MIGUEL DE (c. 1640-1697)

Molinos had published a See also:

• VOLUME

volume, Guida spirituale, the disinvolge l'anima e la conduce .per l'interior camino all' acquisito della perfetta contemplazione e del ricco tesoro della See also:

• PACE (through O. Fr. pas, from Lat. passus, step, properly the stretch of the leg in walking, from pandere, to stretch)
• PACE, RICHARD (c. 1482-1536)

pace interiore . This was shortly followed by a brief Traltato della cotidiana communione . No breath of suspicion arose against Molinos until- 1681, when the Jesuit preacher, Segneri, attacked his views, though without mentioning his name, in his See also:

• CONCORDIA
• CONCORDIA (mod. Concordia Sagittaria)

Concordia tra la fatica e la quiete nell' orazione . The See also:

• MATTER

matter was referred to the See also:

• INQUISITION, THE (Lat. inquisitio, an inquiry)

Inquisition . It pronounced that the Guida spirituale was perfectly orthodox, and censured the intemperate zeal of Segneri . But the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits set See also:

• FATHER

Father La See also:

• CHAISE (the French for " chair," through a transference from a "sedan-chair" to a wheeled vehicle)

Chaise to See also:

• WORK

work on his royal penitent, See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., who prided himself on being a See also:

• PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar of orthodoxy; but he was on very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad terms with Innocent XI., and soon yielded to the See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure of discovering See also:

• HERESY

heresy in an intimate friend of the pope . Following on See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official representations by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador in Rome,who happened to be a cardinal, Molinos was arrested in May x685 . At first his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends were confident of an acquittal, but in the beginning of 1687 a number of his penitents of both sexes were examined by the Inquisition, and several were arrested . A See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report got abroad that Molinos had been convicted of moral enormities, as well as of heretical doctrines; and it was seen th4t he was doomed .

On the 3rd of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1687 he made public profession of his errors, and was sentenced to imprisonment for See also:

• LIFE

life . In the following See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, Innocent signed a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull condemning sixty-eight propositions from the Guida spirituale and other unpublished writings of its author . At some date unknown in 1696 or 1697 Molinos died in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . Contemporary Protestants saw in the See also:

• FATE

fate of Molinos nothing more than a persecution by the Jesuits of a See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise and enlightened See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, who had dared to withstand the See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty ceremonialism of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian piety of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . But Molinos was much more than the enlightened semi-See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant that his See also:

• ENGLISH

English admirers took him to be; and his Quietism, had it been suffered to run its course would have swept aside beliefs and practices more important than the rosaries of nuns, though it is most unlikely that he realized the consequence of his own theories . Segneri and La Chaise were not so easily deceived . They were Jesuits; and Jesuitism is built- up on the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption that See also:

• GOD

God reveals Himself wholly and only through Jesus, and that Jesus reveals Himself wholly and only through the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of Rome . See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther had already broken through one See also:

• LINK

link in this See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain, when he taught the Protestant See also:

• WORLD

world to come directly to Jesus, without troubling about the Church; but Luther still assumed that God could only be reached, through the intermediacy of Jesus . Molinos wished to find a royal road to God without any intermediaries at all . The See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation maintained that the Church, so far from being a help, was a hindrance, to See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union with Jesus; whereas Molinos welcomed both Church and Jesus as See also:

• HELPS, SIR ARTHUR (1813-1875)

helps to union with God, always provided that the believer treated both as means to an end beyond themselves . In other words, he held that there was a triple See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage in piety . Beginners gave themselves wholly to the Church .

At the second step came devotion to Jesus . At the third and highest stage both Church and Jesus were See also:

• LEFT

left behind as deiformes, sed non See also:

• DEUS
• DEUS, JOAO DE (1830-1896)

Deus, and God remained alone . But how could a finite being bring himself into See also:

• DIRECT

direct relation with Infinity ? Following very See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient precedents, Molinos See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell back. on those phenomena of our consciousness which seem least within our own See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . The less sense of proprietorship we had in a thought or See also:

• ACTION

action—the less it was the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit of our deliberate will—the more certain might we be that it was divinely inspired . But what See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of mind is most likely to be visited by these spontaneous illuminations ? Plainly the state that Molinos calls the " soft and savoury See also:

• SLEEP (0. Eng. slcepan; Ger. schlafen; cf. Lat. labi, to glide, and " slip ")

sleep of nothingness;" where the soul is content to See also:

• FOLD

fold its hands, and wait in dreamy musing till the See also:

• MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message comes; meanwhile it will think, do, will as little as it can . For this See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason disinterested love became the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall-See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of Quietist sanctity . Why it is unfitted to be a test of sanctity in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general has been explained at length by See also:

• BOSSUET, JAQUES BENIGNE (1627-1704)

Bossuet in a remarkable Instruction sur See also:

• LES

les etats d'oraison, published while the Quietist controversy was at its height . But, although Molinos's See also:

• SYSTEM

system did not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long survive him, he had at least the double merit of courage and tenacity . Few writers have struggled so long and so hard to disengage the essence of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion from its transitionary embodiment in an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical creed . The Guida spirituale was published in Italian in 1675, and has been reprinted .

An English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation appeared in 1688; it has been re-edited by Mrs See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• LYTTELTON
• LYTTELTON, GEORGE LYTTELTON, 1ST BARON (17o9-1773)

Lyttelton . French, Spanish and Latin See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations have also appeared . For the See also:

• HISTORY

history of its author see C . E . Scharling, See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael de Molinos (Ger. trans. from Danish; See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, 1855) . H . Heppe, Geschichte der quietistischen Mystik (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1875) . On the whole subject of Quietism see H, See also:

• DELACROIX, FERDINAND VICTOR EUGENE (1798-1863)

Delacroix, Etudes d'histoire et de psychologie du mysticisme (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1908) . There is a brilliant, but very fanciful, See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Molinos and his doctrines in J . H . See also:

• SHORTHOUSE, JOSEPH HENRY (1834-1903)

Shorthouse's See also:

• ROMANCE

romance, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Inglesant .