See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

NICOLAS See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS See also:

• COUNT NICOLAS FRANCOIS MOLLIEN (1758-1850)

MOLLIEN (1758-1850)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French financier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 28th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1758 . The son of a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, he See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early showed ability, and entered the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry of See also:

• FINANCE

finance, where he See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose rapidly; in 1784, at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the renewal of the arrangements with the farmers-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the taxes, he was practically See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief in that See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department and made terms advantageous to the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer . Under See also:

• CALONNE
• CALONNE, CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE (1734-1802)

Calonne he improved the returns from the farmers-general; and he was largely instrumental in bringing about the erection of the See also:

• OCTROI (0. Fr. octroyer, to grant, authorize; Lat. auctor)

octroi walls of Paris in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the insufficient wooden barriers . He, however, advocated an abolition of some of the restrictions on imports, as came about in the famous Anglo-French commercial treaty of 1786, to the conclusion of which he contributed in no small measure . The events of the French Revolution threatened at times to overwhelm See also:

• MOLLIEN, NICOLAS FRANCOIS, COUNT (1758-1850)

Mollien . In 1794 he was brought befohe the revolutionary tribunal of See also:

• EVREUX

Evreux as a suspect, and narrowly escaped the See also:

• FATE

fate that befell many of the former farmers-general . He retired to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he observed the See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial See also:

• MEASURES

measures adopted at the crisis of 1796-1797 . After the coup d'eiat of See also:

• BRUMAIRE

Brumaire (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1799) he re-entered the ministry of finance, then under Gaudin, who entrusted to him important duties as director of the new caisse d'amortissement . See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing of his abilities, frequently consulted him on financial matters, and after the See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

Proclamation of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire (May 1804) made him a councillor of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . The severe financial crisis of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1805 to See also:

• JANUARY

January 1806 served to reveal once more his See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound sense . Napoleon, returning in haste not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long after See also:

• AUSTERLITZ (Czech Slavkov)

Austerlitz, dismissed See also:

• BARGE (Med. Lat. barca, possibly connected with Lat. baris, Gr. flaps, a boat used on the Nile)

Barge-Marbois from the ministry of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury and confided to Mollien those important duties . He soon succeeded in freeing the treasury from the interference of See also:

• GREAT

great banking houses .

In other respects, however, he did something towards curbing Napoleon's See also:

• DESIRE

desire for a precise regulation of the See also:

• MONEY

money See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market . The conversations between them on this subject, as reported in Mollien's See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs, are of high See also:

• INTEREST

interest, and show that the ministry had a far truer See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment on financial matters than the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, who often twitted him with being an ideologue . In 1808 Mollien was awarded the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count . He soon came to see the impossibility of the measures termed collectively " the continentalsystem "; but his warnings on that subject were of no avail . After the first See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of the emperor (See also:

• APRIL

April Is, 1814), Mollien retired into private See also:

• LIFE

life, but took up his ministerial duties at the See also:

• APPEAL

appeal of Napoleon during the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days (1815), after which he again retired . See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVIII. wished to bring him back to See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, but he resisted these appeals . Nominated a peer in 1818, he took some See also:

• PART

part in connexion with the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual budgets . He lived to see the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of Louis Napoleon as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Second See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic, and died in April 1850, with the exception of See also:

• PASQUIER, ETIENNE (1529-1615)
• PASQUIER, ETIENNE DENIS

Pasquier, the last surviving See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of Napoleon I . See Mollien's Memoires d'un ministre du tresor public 1780-1815, 4 vols . (Paris 1845; new ed., Paris, 3 vols., 1898) ; A . G . P .

See also:

• BARANTE, AMABLE GUILLAUME PROSPER BRUGIERE, BARON DE (1782-1866)

Barante, Etudes historiques et biographiques; See also:

• SALVANDY, NARCISSE ACHILLE (1795-1856)

Salvandy, See also:

• NOTICE

Notice sur Mollien; also M . M . C . Gaudin (duo de See also:

• GATE

Gate), Notice historique sur See also:

• LES

les finances de la See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France 1800-1814 (Paris, 1818) . (J . HL .