See also:

• MONAD (Gr. µovas, unit, from µovos, alone)

MONAD (Gr. µovas, unit, from µovos, alone)  , a philosophic See also:

• TERM

term which now has currency solely in its connexion with the See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy of See also:

• LEIBNITZ (LEIBNIZ), GOTTFRIED WILHELM

Leibnitz . In the earlier See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek philosophy the term meant unity as opposed to duality or See also:

• PLURALITY (0. Fr. pluralitd, Late Lat. pluralitas, plural number)

plurality; at a later See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it meant an individual, or, with the Atomists, an See also:

• ATOM (Gr. &rows, indivisible, from a- privative, and TE,aPfw, to cut)

atom . It was first used in a sense approximate to that of Leibnitz by See also:

• BRUNO (BRUN, BRUNS) OF QUERFURT, SAINT (c. 975-1009)
• BRUNO, GIORDANO (c. 1548-1600)
• BRUNO, or BRUN (925–965)
• BRUNO, SAINT

Bruno, who meant by it a See also:

• PRIMARY

primary spiritual See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element as opposed to the material atom . Leibnitz, however, seems to haveborrowed the term not directly from Bruno, but from a See also:

• CON

con-temporary, See also:

• VAN

Van See also:

• HELMONT, JEAN BAPTISTE VAN (1577—1644)

Helmont the younger . Leibnitz's view of things is that the See also:

• WORLD

world consists of monads which are immaterial centres of force, each possessing a certain grade of mentality, self-contained and representing the whole universe in See also:

• MINIATURE

miniature, and all combined together by a pre-established See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony . Material things, according to Leibnitz, are in their ultimate nature composed of monads, each soul is a See also:

• MONAD (Gr. µovas, unit, from µovos, alone)

monad, and See also:

• GOD

God is the monas monadum . Thus monadism, or monadology, is a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of spiritual atomism . The theory has been revived in See also:

• RECENT

recent years by C . B . See also:

• RENOUVIER, CHARLES BERNARD (1815-1903)

Renouvier .