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See also:MONISM (from Gr. µ6vos, alone) , the philosophic view of the See also:world which holds that there is but one See also:form of reality, whether that be material or spiritual . The aim of knowledge is explanation, and the See also:dualism or See also:pluralism which acquiesces in recognizing two or more wholly disparate forms of reality has in so far renounced explanation (see DUALISM) . To this extent See also:monism is justified; but it becomes mischievous if it prompts us to ignore important See also:differences in facts as they See also:present them-selves to our intelligence . All forms of monism from See also:Plotinus downwards tend to ignore See also:personal individuality and volition, and See also:merge all finite existence in the featureless unity of the See also:Absolute; this, indeed, is what inspires the See also:passion of the protest against monism . Turning to the See also:historical forms of the theory we may class Plotinus as a mystical monist: he attains to the One which is the All by an See also:act of mystic See also:union raising him above the phenomenal See also:sphere . See also:Spinoza is a materialistic monist with an inconsistent See also:touch of See also:mysticism and a certain concession, more apparent than real, to the spiritual See also:side of experience . See also:Hegel's is an intellectualist monism, explaining See also:matter, sensation, personal individuality and will as forms of thought . The See also:doctrine of See also:Schopenhauer and von See also:Hartmann is a monism of See also:cosmic will which submerges the individual no less completely than Hegelianism, though in a different manner . See also:Haeckel's monism is See also:mere See also:materialism dignified by a higher See also:title . Those who maintain that all these forms of See also:synthesis are hasty and superficial stand by the conviction that the right philosophic attitude is to accept provisionally the See also:main distinctions of See also:common sense, above all the distinction of personal and impersonal; but to See also:press forward to the under-lying unity so far as experience and reflection justify . SeeABSOLUTE; DUALISM; See also:METAPHYSICS; MATERIALISM; See also:IDEALISM . |
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